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ANAPHY > INTRO to ANAPHY > Flashcards

INTRO to ANAPHY Flashcards

1
Q
  • study of the normal structures of the human body
    and their relationships with one another
A

HUMAN ANATOMY

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2
Q
  • study of the different functions of the normal structures
    of the human body and the involved processes
    of how these body parts work
A

HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY

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3
Q

DIVISIONS OF HUMAN ANATOMY

A

A. GROSS / MACROSCOPIC ANATOMY
1. Surface Anatomy
2. Systemic Anatomy
3. Regional Anatomy
B. MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY
1. Cytology
2. Histology
C. EMBRYOLOGY
D. NEUROANATOMY

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4
Q
  • study of normal structures of the human big enough to be studied by the unaided eye.
    This includes:
    Systemic Anatomy
    Regional Anatomy
    Surface anatomy
A

Gross / Macroscopic anatomy

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5
Q

3 categories of Gross/Macroscopic Anatomy

A

Systemic Anatomy
Regional Anatomy
Surface Anatomy

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6
Q

– study of structures of specific body systems
e.g. nervous and circulatory systems.

A

Systemic Anatomy

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7
Q

– study of structures by body regions.
e.g.
head region, thoracic region

A

Regional Anatomy

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8
Q

– study of the landmarks on the body surface
of the different visceral organs

A

Surface anatomy

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9
Q

study of structures of the human body through use of
microscope.
This includes:
Cyctology
Histology

A

Microscopic Anatomy

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10
Q

2 categories of Microscopic Anatomy

A

Cytology
Histology

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11
Q

chemical and microscopic study of cells

A

Cyctology

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12
Q

study of normal tissues of the body

A

Histology

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13
Q
  • study of development of the human body from
    fertilization of ovum up to the period of extrauterine
    life.
A

Embryology

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14
Q

study of normal microscopic, gross features and
development of the nervous system

A

Neuroanatomy

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15
Q

DIVISIONS OF HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY

A

A. CELL PHYSIOLOGY
B. SPECIAL PHYSIOLOGY
C. SYSTEMIC PHYSIOLOGY
D. PATHOLOGIC PHYSIOLOGY

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16
Q
  • the study of the functions of living cells
  • the cornerstone of human physiology
A

Cell Physiology

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17
Q

is the study of the functions of specific organs
e.g. cardiac physiology-is the study of the heart function

A

Special Physiology

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18
Q

includes all aspects of the functions of specific organ
systems.
e.g. cardiovascular physiology, respiratory physiology
and reproductive physiology.

A

Systemic Physiology

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19
Q

is the study of the effects of diseases on organ or system functions.

A

Pathologic physiology

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20
Q

Homeostasis

A

*Maintenance of the body’s internal
environment
*Negative feedback loop

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21
Q

HOMEOSTASIS REGULATION

A
  1. Autoregulation
  2. Extrinsic regulation
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22
Q

-happens when there is environmental change and an automatic system change in the activities of a tissue, cell, or organ.
– cells lack oxygen, chemicals would be
released to dilate blood vessels

A

Autoregulation

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23
Q

-involves the endocrine and nervous systems, which are not inside the organs they regulate.
-during exercise nervous system
commands increase of heart rate so blood will circulate faster

A

Extrinsic regulation

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24
Q

ESSENTIAL LIFE PROCESSES

A
  1. Metabolism
  2. Responsiveness
  3. Movement
  4. Reproduction
  5. Differentiation
  6. Growth
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25
Q

– includes all the chemical processes that occur in the body.

A

Metabolism

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26
Q

– the body’s ability to react to changes in
environment both internally or externally.

A

Responsiveness

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27
Q

motion occurring inside the human body, either
the whole body or individual cells or even the organelles
within these cells.

A

Movement

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28
Q

– an increase in body size that results from an
increase in the size or number of cells.

A

Growth

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29
Q

– development of cells from an unspecialized to a specialized state.

A

Differentiation

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30
Q

LEVELS OF STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION
OF THE BODY

A
  1. Chemical Level
  2. Cell Level
  3. Tissue Level
  4. Organ Level
  5. System Level
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31
Q

formation of new cells for growth, repair or
replacement or the production of a new individual.

A

Reproduction

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32
Q
  • Smallest units of life
  • Perform all activities necessary to maintain
    life– metabolism, assimilation, digestion, excretion,
    reproduction
A

cells

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33
Q

NEVER BACK DOWN NEVER WHAT?!

A

NEVER GIVE UP!!!

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34
Q

-group of similar cells or materials surrounding them (Seeley’s)
-Made up of different types of cells (PPT)

A

Tissues

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35
Q

Different types of tissues

A
  1. Epthelial
  2. Connective
  3. Muscle
  4. Nervous
  5. Hemopoietic
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36
Q

Function of Epithelial Tissue

A

covers and protects

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37
Q

Function of Connective TIssue

A

binds and supports other
tissues

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38
Q

Function of Muscle Tissues

A

Movement

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39
Q

Function of Nervous Tissue

A

connects sensory structures to
motor structures

40
Q

Function of Hemopoietic Tissue

A

-Blood tissue also under the connective tissue
-contains a spectrum of blood cells, adipocytes, endothelial cells, and adventitial cells. (google)

41
Q
  • Tissues with same function grouped
    together
  • Examples– liver– stomach
A

Organs

42
Q

A group of organs that
perform a common function

A

Systems

43
Q

BODY SYSTEMS

A
  1. Integumentary System
  2. Skeletal System
  3. Articular System
  4. Muscular System
  5. Nervous System
  6. Circulatory / Vascular System
  7. Digestive / Alimentary System
  8. Respiratory System
  9. Urinary System
  10. Reproductive / Genital System
  11. Endocrine System
44
Q

BODY REGIONS

A
  1. Head
  2. Neck
    3.Trunk
    -Thorax
    -Abdomen
    -Pelvic Cavity
    -Perinium
  3. Upper Exremities
  4. Lower Extremities
45
Q

Cavities

A

-Dorsal
-Ventral

46
Q

Dorsal Cavity

A

-Cranial, Spinal
-the entirety of the back; it consists of the brain stem and the entire spinal cord. (Google)

47
Q

Ventral Cavities

A

-Thoracic, abdominopelvic
-at the anterior, or front, of the trunk.

48
Q
  • standing (or lying supine) erect- head and eyes directed forward- Upper limbs by the sides with palms facing forward- Lower limbs together with toes facing forwa
A

The Anatomical Position

49
Q

ANATOMICAL PLANES

A
  1. Median Plane
  2. Sagittal Plane
  3. Coronal / Frontal Plane
  4. Horizontal / Transverse Plane
50
Q

Median Plane

A

Is a sagittal plane that through the midline of the body, dividing the body into equal halves (right and left) - Seeley’s

51
Q

Sagittal Plane

A

Right and Left proportion

52
Q

Coronal/Frontal Plane

A

Front and Back proportion

53
Q

Horizontal/Trasverse Plane

A

Superior and Inferior proportion

54
Q

Sections of the Body

A
  1. Longitudinal/Vertical Section - cut along the length of the organ
    2.Transverse/ Cross Section - cuts completely through the organ
    3.Oblique Section- a diagonal cut
55
Q

THE ANATOMICAL TERMS OF RELATIONSHIP

A
  1. Superior / Cranial
  2. Inferior / Caudal -Lower
  3. Anterior / Ventral - Front of the body
  4. Posterior / Dorsal - Back of the body
  5. Medial - toward the midline
  6. Lateral - away from the midline
  7. Proximal - closer to a point of attachment
  8. Distal - far to a point of attachment
  9. Superficial / External - structure close to the surface of the body
  10. Deep / Internal - toward the interior of the body
  11. Central -
  12. Peripheral
  13. Parietal
  14. Visceral
56
Q

Superior / Cranial

A

Higher

57
Q

Inferior / Caudal

A

Lower

58
Q

Anterior / Ventral

A

Front of the body

59
Q

Posterior / Dorsal

A

Back of the body

60
Q

Medial

A

Toward the midline

61
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the midline

62
Q

Proximal

A

closer to a point of attachment

63
Q

Distal

A

Far to a point of attachment

64
Q

Superficial / External

A

structure close to the surface of the body

65
Q
  1. Deep / Internal
A

toward the interior of the body

66
Q

TERMS OF MOVEMENT

A
  1. Flexion
  2. Supination
  3. Extension
  4. Abduction
  5. Adduction
  6. Rotation
  7. Circumduction
  8. Eversion
  9. Inversion
  10. Dorsiflexion
  11. Plantarflexion
    12.Pronation
    13.Protraction
    14.Retraction
  12. Elevation
  13. Depression
67
Q

Flexion

A

Folding of a joint

68
Q

Extension

A

Straightening of a joint

69
Q

Abduction

A

movement away from the point of reference

70
Q

adduction

A

movement toward the point of reference

71
Q

Rotation

A

movements made about the longitudinal axis and in the transverse plane (google)

72
Q

Circumduction

A

the movement of the limb, hand, or fingers in a circular pattern, using the sequential combination of flexion, adduction, extension, and abduction motions (google)

73
Q

Eversion

A

the movement of the sole away from the median plane – so that the sole faces in a lateral direction. (google)

74
Q

inversion

A

the movement of the sole towards the median plane – so that the sole faces in a medial direction(google)

75
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

refers to flexion at the ankle, so that the foot points more superiorly. (google)

76
Q

Plantarflexion

A

refers to flexion at the ankle, so that the foot points more superiorly. (google)

77
Q

Supination

A

the motion of turning the palm anteriorly (google)

78
Q

Pronation

A

the motion of turning the palm posteriorly (google)

79
Q

Protraction

A

the act of moving an anatomical part forward. (google)

80
Q

Rectraction

A

the act of moving an anatomical part backward (google)

81
Q

Elevation

A

the act of moving an anatomical part upward (google)

82
Q

Depression

A

the act of moving an anatomial part downward (google)

83
Q

-has a protective function
-regulates temperature
-helps produc vitamin D
- Example: hair, nail, cutaneous glands (sebateous glands, sweat glands)

A

Integumentary System

84
Q
  • serve to protecion and support
  • allow body movements
  • Production of blood cells
  • stores minerals and adipose tissue
A

Skeletal System

85
Q
  • prodices body movements
    -maintain postures
  • produces body heat
A

Muscular System

86
Q
  • Major regulatory system that detectss sensations and cotrols movements, physiological processes, and intellectual functions.
A

Nervous System

87
Q
  • Major regulatory system that influences metabolism, growth, reproduction, and many pther functions.
A

Endocrine System

88
Q

-exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and air and regulates blood PH.

A

Respiratory System

89
Q
  • performs mechanical and chemical processes of digestion, absorption of nutrients, and elimination of waste.
A

Digestive System

90
Q
  • removes waste products from the blood and regulatess blood PH, ion balance, and water balance.
A

Urinary System

91
Q
  • produces oocytes and is the site of fertilization and fetal development; produces milk for the new born; produces hormones that influence sexual function and behaviors.
A

Female reproductive system

92
Q
  • produces and transfer sperm cells to the female and produces hormones that influence sexual functions and behavior.
A

Male reproductive system

93
Q
  • Transports nutrients, waste products, gases, and hormones throughout the body; plays a role in the immune response and the regulation of body temperature.
A

Cardiovascular System

94
Q

-deals with joints of the body and the surrounding tissues

A

Articular System .

95
Q
  • removes foreign substances from the blood and lymph combats disease, maintains tissue fluid balance, and absorbs dietary fats from digestive tract
A

Lymphatic system

ANAPHY (10 decks)

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