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ANAPHY > Cell > Flashcards

Cell Flashcards

1
Q

Types of Cell

A

Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic

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2
Q

Prokaryotes

A

Organism: Bacteria
Organelles: few/none
DNA: Circular/ in the cytoplasm
RNA and Protien: RNA and protein synthesize in the same compartment
Cell Division: Binary Fission

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3
Q

Eukaryotes

A

Organism: Protist, fungi, plants, animals
Organelles: Nucleus, mitochondria, ER, etc.
DNA: Linear/ circular bounded by a membrane
RNA and Protien: RNA and protein synthesize in nucleus/ protiein in the cytoplasm
Cell Division: Mitosis/Meiosis

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4
Q

Cell Basic compostion

A
  1. Protoplasm/Cytoplasm
  2. Cell membrane
  3. Nucleus
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5
Q

PHYSIOLOGIC PROPERTIES OF CELL

A
  1. Irritability/Excitability
  2. Conductivity
  3. Contractility
  4. Absorption and Secretion
  5. Excretion
  6. Respiration
    7.Growth and Reproduction
  7. Organization
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6
Q

Cell membrane

A

-Trilaminar (inner and outer protein layer, and middle lipid layer)
-Semipermeable

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7
Q

Cytoplasm

A

-Colloidal
-With organelles, inclusions, and cytoskeleton

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8
Q

Nucleus

A

-With DNA in a form of:
a. Heterochromatin (In active)
b. Euchromatin (Active)

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9
Q

Membrane Transport

A

Selectively permeable membrane
- osmosis
- protein channels
- active transport
- Fluid mosaic model

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10
Q

Transport processes across cell membrane

A

-passive
-active

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11
Q

Passive

A

-Simple diffusion
-Facilitated diffusion
-Osmosis
-Filtration

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12
Q

Active

A

-Active transport
-Endocytosis
a. Phagocytosis (cell eating)
b. Pinocytosis (cell drinking)
-Exocytosis

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13
Q

Active transport

A

Need an energy

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14
Q

Endocytosis

A

entry of particle towards the cell

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15
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Cell eating

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16
Q

Pinocytosis

A

Cell drinking

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17
Q

Exocytosis

A

Extrusion of substance within the cell

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18
Q

Movement of solute form the area of HIGH solute concentration to an area of LOW solute area

A

Simple diffusion

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19
Q

Movement of solute from an area of HIGH solute concentration to an area of LOW solute concentration with a CARRIER

A

Facilitated Diffusion

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20
Q

Movement of solvent (WATER) from an area of LOW solute concentration to an are of HIGH solute concentration

A

Osmosis

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21
Q

Movement of solute form an area of LOW solute concentration to an area of HIGH solute concentration

A

Active Transport

22
Q

-mostly water with chemical compunds in solution or colloid
- Solution: atoms or ions ditributed in medium
-Polar compounds go into solution
-nonpolar compunds go into colloidal suspension
with organnelles, inclusions, cytoskeleton

A

Cytoplasm

23
Q

ORGANELLES

A
  1. Mitochondria (chondriosome)
  2. Ribosomes
  3. Endoplasmic Reticulum
    a. Rough/Granular ER
    b. Smooth/Non-granular ER
    4.Golgi Complex (Dictyosome)
  4. Lysosomes
    a.Primary Lysosome
    b.Secondary Lysosome
    c. Residual Bodies
  5. Peroxisimes/Microbodies
  6. Melanosomes
  7. Secretory Granules
24
Q

Types of ER

A
  • Rough ER (extra protein)
  • Smooth ER
25
Q

Types of Lysosome

A

Primary Lysosome
Secondary Lysosome
Residual Bodies

26
Q

-powerhouse of the cell
-Synthesize ATP
-Energy requirements of cell determine cristae number
-Also accumulate Ca+, synthesize nucleic acids and proteins, oxidation of fatty acids

A

Mitochondria

27
Q

Inner folds where cellular respiration occurs

A

Cristae

28
Q

-Distributed throughout cytoplasm
-Attached to rough ER
-No membrance covering
-Site of protein systhesis free __________- protein for intracellular use

A

Ribosomes

29
Q

-system of membranes that makes up channels
-Connects with outer nuclear and cell membranes

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

30
Q

For protein synthesis attached ribosimes
- (protein-EXTRACELLULAR USE)

A

Rough ER

31
Q

Fat transport and sex hormone synthesis, HCL synthesis, release and recapture (ca+) in skeletal muscle

A

Smooth ER

32
Q

-collection of flat saclike cisternae
-concentration and collection of cellular compounds
-Storage warehouses of the cell
-Carbohydrate synthesis site
-“PACKAGING”

A

Golgi Apparatus

33
Q

-digestive enzyme packages
-with acid hydrolases
-lack oxidases and catalases
-function
- play role in cellular defense
-digest stored food
-maintenance and repair of organelles
-suicide agents for old or weak cells

A

Lysosomes

34
Q

Contain:
- Catalase - converts H2O2(Hydrogenperoxide) into H2O to O2
-Oxidase

A

Peroxisomes/Microbodies

35
Q

INCLUSIONS

A
  1. Glycogen
  2. Lipid
  3. Pigments
    a. Exogenous
    b. Endogenous
    1) Lipofuscin
    2) Melanin
    3) Hemoglobin
    4) Bilirubin
  4. Crystals
    a.Crystals of Reinke
    b. Crystals of Charcot-Bottcher
36
Q

Types of Pigment

A

a. Exogenous
b. Endogenous
1) Lipofuscin
2) Melanin
3) Hemoglobin
4) Bilirubin

37
Q

Types of Crystals

A

a.Crystals of Reinke
b. Crystals of Charcot-Bottcher

38
Q

Cyctoskeleton

A

1.Microfilaments
2.Intermediate Filaments
a. Keratin- Epithelial cells
b. Vimentin- Mesenchymal Cells
c. Desmin- Muscle cells
d. Glial fibrillary protein- glial cells of
nervous system
e. Neurofilaments - neurons
3. Microtubules
a.centrioles- determine polarity of cell
b. cilia- line respiratory tract
c. Flagella- tail of spermatozoa

39
Q

Intermediate Filaments

A

a. Keratin- Epithelial cells
b. Vimentin- Mesenchymal Cells
c. Desmin- Muscle cells
d. Glial fibrillary protein- glial cells of
nervous system
e. Neurofilaments - neurons

40
Q

Microtubules

A

a.centrioles- determine polarity of cell
b. cilia- line respiratory tract
c. Flagella- tail of spermatozoa

41
Q

-Two centrioles at right angles to each other
-composed of nine sets of triplet fibers
-form spindle fibers during cell division
-Guide duplicated chromosomes to daughter cells

A

centrosome/ centrioles

42
Q

-Hairlike protrusions from cell membrane
-Nine double fibrils around two single central fibrils

A

Cilia and Flagella

43
Q

Move materials across cell surface

A

Cilia

44
Q

Propels cell through a medium

A

Flagellum

45
Q

-control center of the cell
-Nuclear membrane has porse to allow substances passage

A

Nucleus

46
Q

Genetic material inside nucleoplasm

A

Chromatin

47
Q

Site of ribosome formation

A

Nucleolus

48
Q

Cell Cycle (Mitosis Interphase)

A

Prophase (G1)
Metaphase (G0)
Anaphase (S)
Telophase (G2)

49
Q

-chromosomes progressively shorten and thicken to form double structures
-nucleolus gradually disappears
-mitotic apparatus begins to form
-degeneration of the nuclear membrane

A

Prophase

50
Q

-chromatids align at the equitorial plane

A

Metaphase

51
Q

-separation of sister chromatids and migrate towards the opposite poles by the translocation of the spindle microtubules.

A

Anaphase

52
Q

-Nucleoli and nuclear membranes reappear at the opposite ends of the cell
-Mitotic apparatus gradually disappears
-A purse string constriction of bands of microfilaments appear at the equatorial plate dividing the cytoplasm and eventually the daughter cells.

A

Telophase

ANAPHY (10 decks)

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