Time Period 8 Test Flashcards
Truman Doctrine
Military aid to countries fighting communism (Greece & Turkey)
- Set precedent that if anyone was trying to get out of communism, we’d help
Marshall Plan
1949, economic aid to help rebuild western Europe after WWII
Containment
US strategy for Cold War, don’t get involved in war but also don’t let it spread (Communism)
- Outlined by George Kennan’s “X Article”
- Almost all US foreign policy actions until the 1990s were based on this (NATO, Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, Korean War)
Berlin Airlift
Transport of food & supplies to West Berlin by US and Britain. Stalin split Berlin into half communist and half democratic, this airlift broke the blockade in 1949
NATO vs. Warsaw Pact
North Atlantic Treaty Organization - peacetime military alliance between US and 11 other members
- first time we moved away from Washington’s no alliances rule
Warsaw Pact - Soviet Union’s response to NATO, alliance between Soviet Union and satellite nations
- ended with the Cold War
Both meant all would attack if one member was attacked
Fall of China
China fell to communism right after Truman announced no more communism through containment, big oops!
Ethel & Julius Rosenberg
Connected to the Red Scare and McCarthyism, thought to be top atomic spies. Led to the rise of McCarthyism
HUAC
House Un-American Activities Committee
- identified communist threats to the United States
Hollywood Ten
Ten prominent Hollywood film industry figured who refused to answer questions for the HUAC
- blacklisted and imprisoned
Alger Hiss
State Department official accused of being a communist spy. Found guilty of perjury, fueling public fears about communism in the government
Korean War
Conflict between communist North Korea (China & USSR) and South Korea (US & United Nations)
- first hot war of Cold War (bullets fired)
- US never declared war, just did what the UN wanted
- General Douglass MacArthur fired by Truman for wanting to use atomic bombs
38th Parallel
Line dividing North and South Korea, before and after the war
U2 spy plane incident
US spy plane shot down over Soviet territory
- embarrassment and increased Cold War tensions
Bay of Pigs
Under Kennedy, 1,400 armed Cuban exiles were sent to Cuba to overthrow Castro
- defeated QUICKLY, major embarrassment for America
Berlin Wall
Wall built by Soviet Union to keep East Berlin from escaping to West Berlin
- major symbol of Cold War (Iron Curtain)
Cuban Missile Crisis
Soviet Union was storing missiles in Cuba, US didn’t like that and imposed a naval blockade on Cuba.
- very tense, resulted in Soviets moving the missiles in exchange for US moving missiles from Turkey
Vietnam War
Military conflict in which US fought with South Vietnam against North Vietnam/Vietcong and communism
- sparked great protest in US and distrust in government
- Tet offensive was the turning point (US citizens realized they were being lied to)
17th parallel
Divide between North and South Vietnam before war
Ping Pong Diplomacy
Nixon’s way of establishing relations with Red China through ping pong games (literally)
- China was allowed to take Taiwan’s seat on the security council
Detente
Easing of tensions between US, China, and Soviet Union
- Seabed Treaty, SALT, etc.
SALT
Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty
- SALT I, President Nixon, first treaty to limit weapons during Cold War
- SALT II, President Carter, never ratified
Plessy v. Ferguson
Changed segregation from de facto (just occurs) to de jure (by law)
- “separate but equal”
Brown v. Board of Education
Got rid of racial segregation in schools (Black children are allowed to attend public school with white children)
- argued twice, “with all deliberate speed” added after the second round
Gideon v. Wainwright
Any person in court that cannot afford a lawyer must have counsel provided, capital or not
