Time Period 4 Test Flashcards
1
Q
“Revolution of 1800”
A
AKA Election of 1800.
- Jefferson vs Adams, Hamilton helped Jefferson win.
- First peaceful transfer of power between parties
- caused Amendment 12 which made the president & vice president voted for separately.
2
Q
Louisiana Purchase
A
- Bought by Jefferson from France in 1803.
- It was a great deal but Jefferson was unsure if it was Constitutional since it went against his strict interpretation.
3
Q
Lewis & Clark Expedition
A
- AKA Corps of Discovery, organized by Congress to explore Louisiana territory, set out in 1804.
- Aided by Sacagawea & other American Indians
- Main goal: Find Northwest Passage. Others: Mapping land, making treaties w/ Indians, collecting plant & animal species
4
Q
Barbary Pirates
A
- Attacked after Jefferson stopped paying for protection of US ships
- Jefferson sent US Navy (went against his ideals, called a hypocrite)
- First nondeclared war
5
Q
Embargo of 1807
A
- Passed by Jefferson to push US neutrality
- Closed American harbors to all shipping
- Kept US out of war but devastated economy
- Jefferson’s big mistake
6
Q
Macon’s Bill #2
A
- Passed by James Madison
- Tried to trap England & France into recognizing US as neutral
- France acknowledged, Britain did not and was mad
7
Q
War of 1812
A
- 1812-1814
- Between Britain and US
- Causes: Impressment, indian unrest (Tecumseh, Tippecanoe), war hawks (Henry Clay, John C. Calhoun)
- Resulted in Washington DC being burned, US being recognized as a foreign power, & creating a stronger military
8
Q
Hartford Convention
A
- 1814
- Secret convention of Federalists against the War of 1812
- Called for Constitutional amendments (Made it harder to declare war)
- Secession was mentioned, destroyed Federalist party
9
Q
Treaty of Ghent
A
- Peace settlement with Britain from 1814
- Returned land to nations from before the war
- War hawks claimed US won due to gained respect
10
Q
“Era of Good Feelings”
A
- During Monroe’s presidency
- Only one political party
- Divided by sectionalism (North vs South, slavery)
11
Q
Panic of 1819
A
- First major economic depression in US
- Causes: Poor banking practices, land speculation in west, decrease in cotton exportation
- Slowed westward expansion
12
Q
Rush-Bagot Agreement
A
- 1817
- No Navy ships on the Great Lakes, only smaller vessels
13
Q
Adams-Onis Treaty
A
- AKA Transcontinental Treaty
- 1819
- US got Florida from Spain (Jackson took it over once before)
14
Q
Missouri Compromise
A
- Written by Henry Clay in 1820
- Missouri entered as a slave state, Maine as a free state
- Created the 36-30 latitude line (slavery below but not above)
15
Q
Monroe Doctrine
A
- By President James Monroe in 1823
- No new European colonization in the western hemisphere
- Due to fear of Russians on Cali coast and who would take over Mexico
16
Q
Henry Clay’s American System
A
- Proposed in the 1810s and 1820s
- Called for federally funded national improvements
- Strong banking system, protective tariff, network of roads and canals
17
Q
The Corrupt Bargain
A
- AKA Election of 1824
- Jackson got the most votes but John C. Calhoun won since it went to House of Reps.
- Henry Clay backed Calhoun and then got a job as Sec. of State
- Jackson said it was a corrupt bargain
18
Q
Marbury v Madison
A
- 1803
- One of the first cases that tested courts authority
- Adams’ midnight judge, Marbury, was promised a job but never received slip since Jefferson took over
- Court ruled they did not have the power to decide
- Established Judicial Review
19
Q
McCulloch v Maryland
A
- 1819
- Maryland legislators taxed Bank of US branches to limit power
- Court ruled it was unconstitutional since states should not have power over the federal government
- “The power to tax is the power to destroy”
- Established national supremacy over states
20
Q
Dartmouth v Woodward
A
- 1819
- Dartmouth College’s charter was cancelled by a law passed in New Hampshire
- Court ruled the prior contract is protected by the Constitution & the state cannot cancel it
- Established the protection of all contracts under the Constitution
21
Q
Gibbons v Ogden
A
- 1824
- Ogden had rights from NY to ship between NY & NJ, Gibbons had rights from US Congress to do the same. They got into competition
- Court decided the Congress’s power to regulate commerce is unlimited and that when a state & federal law oppose, federal wins
- Established the power of Congress to control business activities between states
22
Q
Election of 1828
A
- Andrew Jackson vs. John Q. Adams
- Democratic-Republicans became Democrats
- Rise of the Common Man
- Lots of personal attacks
23
Q
Nullification Crisis
A
- “Tariff of Abominations” passed in 1828 (raised tariffs & duties)
- VP John C. Calhoun quit & protested Jackson’s support of the tariff
- Calhoun wrote the South Carolina Exposition, supporting nullification
- Force Bill allowed Jackson to use military force to squash the uprising
24
Q
Spoils System
A
- AKA Patronage system
- Introduced by Andrew Jackson
- Gave federal office positions based on loyalty more than experience (Hire friends, fire enemies)
25
Peggy Eaton Scandal
- 1829, during Jackson's presidency
- Sec. of War's wife was rumored to be a whore
- Cabinet member's wives refused to socialize with her, reminded Jackson of his own deceased wife
- Jackson fired almost all of his Cabinet
26
Nat Turner Rebellion
- Slave revolt in VA, 1831
- Led by Nat Turner, violent and deadly
- Generated panic among white Southerners & resulted in stricter slave control laws
27
Indian Removal Policy & Trail of Tears
- 1830 supported by Jackson, forced Cherokee and other American Indians to move west
- Voided all prior treaties, most tribes were upset and some fought back
- Trail of Tears was the march the Cherokee from Georgia made (killed thousands)
- Worchester v Georgia said Cherokees land & rights were protected by the federal gov, Jackson ignored
28
Bank of US Crisis
- Jackson thought the bank was too powerful, unconstitutional, & favored the east
- Jackson removed all money from the bank in order to make a political move and put in all in smaller banks (pet banks)
- Bank did not technically die until its charter was expired
29
Specie Circular
- Outlawed paper money for purchasing public lands, only gold or silver
- Causes Panic of 1837
30
Panic of 1837
- Under Martin Van Buren (Van Ruin)
- Bank of England had to call in loans, creating cycle that hurt US citizens
- Unemployment skyrocketed
- People hoarded gold & silver, bartering became more common
- US tried and failed to make an independent treasury system
31
Caroline Incident
- 1837
- Americans helped smuggle guns into Canada to help break away from British control
- Ship was sent over Niagra Falls
32
Aroostook War
-1837
- Fight over border between Maine & New Brunswick
- No one died
33
Webster-Ashburton Treaty of 1842
- Solves border fight over Maine
- Says we won't run guns to Canada anymore
- Agreed to help patrol Africa with the British but created a loophole
34
Whig Party
- Formed in 1830s to challenge Democratic Party (Jackson)
- Made up of former National Republicans (Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, John Quincy Adams)
- Got William Henry Harrison elected
35
Election of 1840
- John Tyler (Tippecanoe, and Tyler, too!)
- New campaign rules: Slogan, portray candidate as common man, give stuff away (alcohol)
36
William Henry Harrison
- Elected in 1840 under the Whig Party
- Gave long inaugural address but got sick and died after 1 month in office
37
Tyler Precedent
- Set when Tyler took over for Harrison
- Said death-bed presidents would remain in office
38
Charles G. Finney
- Greatest revivalist of the Second Great Awakening Era
- Started Oberlin College (first to not care about race or gender)
38
Second Great Awakening
- Protestant revivals from the 1790s-1840s
- Spread from South & West to Northeast
- "Camp Meetings" were outdoor and more personal
- Charles G. Finney was greatest revivalist of the era
38
Reform Movements (Second Great Awakening)
- Social activism
- Prison reform
- Temperance movement (less alcohol)
- Womens and Abolitionist movements
- New sects of Christianity
- Education reform
- Mental health issues
39
Seneca Falls Women's Rights Convention
- July, 1848, New York
- Organized by group including Lucretia Mott & Elizabeth Cady Stanton
- Attendants signed the Declaration of Sentiments (Called for women's rights in marriage, family, religion, politics, and law)
40
Lucretia Mott & Elizabeth Cady Stanton
- Female delegates in AASS
- Helped organize Seneca Falls Convention
41
Catherine Beecher
- Pushed for education reform
42
Transcendentalism
- An idealistic philosophical & social movement that developed in New England in 1836
- Taught that divinity pervades all nature & humanity
43
Ralph Waldo Emerson
- Leader of Transcendentalism
- Wrote American Scholar and Self Reliance
44
Henry David Thoreau
- Leader of Transcendentalism
- Wrote Walden and Civil Disobedience (refused to pay taxes during Mexican-American War)
45
Margaret Fuller
- Leader of Transcendentalism
- Editor of The Dial
- Wrote Woman in the 19th Century (First feminist historical book)
46
Brooke Farm
- 1841-1847
- Short lived utopian community for transcendentalists
47
Eli Whitney
- Invented the cotton gin
- Helped speed up processing cotton, allowing its expansion in the South
48
Samuel Slater
- Introduced the first water-power cotton mill to the US
- Revolutionized textile industry
