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APUSH > Time Period 4 Test > Flashcards

Time Period 4 Test Flashcards

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AP® U.S. History flashcards
1
Q

“Revolution of 1800”

A

AKA Election of 1800.
- Jefferson vs Adams, Hamilton helped Jefferson win.
- First peaceful transfer of power between parties
- caused Amendment 12 which made the president & vice president voted for separately.

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2
Q

Louisiana Purchase

A
  • Bought by Jefferson from France in 1803.
  • It was a great deal but Jefferson was unsure if it was Constitutional since it went against his strict interpretation.
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3
Q

Lewis & Clark Expedition

A
  • AKA Corps of Discovery, organized by Congress to explore Louisiana territory, set out in 1804.
  • Aided by Sacagawea & other American Indians
  • Main goal: Find Northwest Passage. Others: Mapping land, making treaties w/ Indians, collecting plant & animal species
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4
Q

Barbary Pirates

A
  • Attacked after Jefferson stopped paying for protection of US ships
  • Jefferson sent US Navy (went against his ideals, called a hypocrite)
  • First nondeclared war
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5
Q

Embargo of 1807

A
  • Passed by Jefferson to push US neutrality
  • Closed American harbors to all shipping
  • Kept US out of war but devastated economy
  • Jefferson’s big mistake
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6
Q

Macon’s Bill #2

A
  • Passed by James Madison
  • Tried to trap England & France into recognizing US as neutral
  • France acknowledged, Britain did not and was mad
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7
Q

War of 1812

A
  • 1812-1814
  • Between Britain and US
  • Causes: Impressment, indian unrest (Tecumseh, Tippecanoe), war hawks (Henry Clay, John C. Calhoun)
  • Resulted in Washington DC being burned, US being recognized as a foreign power, & creating a stronger military
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8
Q

Hartford Convention

A
  • 1814
  • Secret convention of Federalists against the War of 1812
  • Called for Constitutional amendments (Made it harder to declare war)
  • Secession was mentioned, destroyed Federalist party
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9
Q

Treaty of Ghent

A
  • Peace settlement with Britain from 1814
  • Returned land to nations from before the war
  • War hawks claimed US won due to gained respect
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10
Q

“Era of Good Feelings”

A
  • During Monroe’s presidency
  • Only one political party
  • Divided by sectionalism (North vs South, slavery)
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11
Q

Panic of 1819

A
  • First major economic depression in US
  • Causes: Poor banking practices, land speculation in west, decrease in cotton exportation
  • Slowed westward expansion
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12
Q

Rush-Bagot Agreement

A
  • 1817
  • No Navy ships on the Great Lakes, only smaller vessels
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13
Q

Adams-Onis Treaty

A
  • AKA Transcontinental Treaty
  • 1819
  • US got Florida from Spain (Jackson took it over once before)
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14
Q

Missouri Compromise

A
  • Written by Henry Clay in 1820
  • Missouri entered as a slave state, Maine as a free state
  • Created the 36-30 latitude line (slavery below but not above)
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15
Q

Monroe Doctrine

A
  • By President James Monroe in 1823
  • No new European colonization in the western hemisphere
  • Due to fear of Russians on Cali coast and who would take over Mexico
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16
Q

Henry Clay’s American System

A
  • Proposed in the 1810s and 1820s
  • Called for federally funded national improvements
  • Strong banking system, protective tariff, network of roads and canals
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17
Q

The Corrupt Bargain

A
  • AKA Election of 1824
  • Jackson got the most votes but John C. Calhoun won since it went to House of Reps.
  • Henry Clay backed Calhoun and then got a job as Sec. of State
  • Jackson said it was a corrupt bargain
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18
Q

Marbury v Madison

A
  • 1803
  • One of the first cases that tested courts authority
  • Adams’ midnight judge, Marbury, was promised a job but never received slip since Jefferson took over
  • Court ruled they did not have the power to decide
  • Established Judicial Review
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19
Q

McCulloch v Maryland

A
  • 1819
  • Maryland legislators taxed Bank of US branches to limit power
  • Court ruled it was unconstitutional since states should not have power over the federal government
  • “The power to tax is the power to destroy”
  • Established national supremacy over states
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20
Q

Dartmouth v Woodward

A
  • 1819
  • Dartmouth College’s charter was cancelled by a law passed in New Hampshire
  • Court ruled the prior contract is protected by the Constitution & the state cannot cancel it
  • Established the protection of all contracts under the Constitution
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21
Q

Gibbons v Ogden

A
  • 1824
  • Ogden had rights from NY to ship between NY & NJ, Gibbons had rights from US Congress to do the same. They got into competition
  • Court decided the Congress’s power to regulate commerce is unlimited and that when a state & federal law oppose, federal wins
  • Established the power of Congress to control business activities between states
22
Q

Election of 1828

A
  • Andrew Jackson vs. John Q. Adams
  • Democratic-Republicans became Democrats
  • Rise of the Common Man
  • Lots of personal attacks
23
Q

Nullification Crisis

A
  • “Tariff of Abominations” passed in 1828 (raised tariffs & duties)
  • VP John C. Calhoun quit & protested Jackson’s support of the tariff
  • Calhoun wrote the South Carolina Exposition, supporting nullification
  • Force Bill allowed Jackson to use military force to squash the uprising
24
Q

Spoils System

A
  • AKA Patronage system
  • Introduced by Andrew Jackson
  • Gave federal office positions based on loyalty more than experience (Hire friends, fire enemies)
25
Q

Peggy Eaton Scandal

A
  • 1829, during Jackson’s presidency
  • Sec. of War’s wife was rumored to be a whore
  • Cabinet member’s wives refused to socialize with her, reminded Jackson of his own deceased wife
  • Jackson fired almost all of his Cabinet
26
Q

Nat Turner Rebellion

A
  • Slave revolt in VA, 1831
  • Led by Nat Turner, violent and deadly
  • Generated panic among white Southerners & resulted in stricter slave control laws
27
Q

Indian Removal Policy & Trail of Tears

A
  • 1830 supported by Jackson, forced Cherokee and other American Indians to move west
  • Voided all prior treaties, most tribes were upset and some fought back
  • Trail of Tears was the march the Cherokee from Georgia made (killed thousands)
  • Worchester v Georgia said Cherokees land & rights were protected by the federal gov, Jackson ignored
28
Q

Bank of US Crisis

A
  • Jackson thought the bank was too powerful, unconstitutional, & favored the east
  • Jackson removed all money from the bank in order to make a political move and put in all in smaller banks (pet banks)
  • Bank did not technically die until its charter was expired
29
Q

Specie Circular

A
  • Outlawed paper money for purchasing public lands, only gold or silver
  • Causes Panic of 1837
30
Q

Panic of 1837

A
  • Under Martin Van Buren (Van Ruin)
  • Bank of England had to call in loans, creating cycle that hurt US citizens
  • Unemployment skyrocketed
  • People hoarded gold & silver, bartering became more common
  • US tried and failed to make an independent treasury system
31
Q

Caroline Incident

A
  • 1837
  • Americans helped smuggle guns into Canada to help break away from British control
  • Ship was sent over Niagra Falls
32
Q

Aroostook War

A

-1837
- Fight over border between Maine & New Brunswick
- No one died

33
Q

Webster-Ashburton Treaty of 1842

A
  • Solves border fight over Maine
  • Says we won’t run guns to Canada anymore
  • Agreed to help patrol Africa with the British but created a loophole
34
Q

Whig Party

A
  • Formed in 1830s to challenge Democratic Party (Jackson)
  • Made up of former National Republicans (Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, John Quincy Adams)
  • Got William Henry Harrison elected
35
Q

Election of 1840

A
  • John Tyler (Tippecanoe, and Tyler, too!)
  • New campaign rules: Slogan, portray candidate as common man, give stuff away (alcohol)
36
Q

William Henry Harrison

A
  • Elected in 1840 under the Whig Party
  • Gave long inaugural address but got sick and died after 1 month in office
37
Q

Tyler Precedent

A
  • Set when Tyler took over for Harrison
  • Said death-bed presidents would remain in office
38
Q

Charles G. Finney

A
  • Greatest revivalist of the Second Great Awakening Era
  • Started Oberlin College (first to not care about race or gender)
38
Q

Second Great Awakening

A
  • Protestant revivals from the 1790s-1840s
  • Spread from South & West to Northeast
  • “Camp Meetings” were outdoor and more personal
  • Charles G. Finney was greatest revivalist of the era
38
Q

Reform Movements (Second Great Awakening)

A
  • Social activism
  • Prison reform
  • Temperance movement (less alcohol)
  • Womens and Abolitionist movements
  • New sects of Christianity
  • Education reform
  • Mental health issues
39
Q

Seneca Falls Women’s Rights Convention

A
  • July, 1848, New York
  • Organized by group including Lucretia Mott & Elizabeth Cady Stanton
  • Attendants signed the Declaration of Sentiments (Called for women’s rights in marriage, family, religion, politics, and law)
40
Q

Lucretia Mott & Elizabeth Cady Stanton

A
  • Female delegates in AASS
  • Helped organize Seneca Falls Convention
41
Q

Catherine Beecher

A
  • Pushed for education reform
42
Q

Transcendentalism

A
  • An idealistic philosophical & social movement that developed in New England in 1836
  • Taught that divinity pervades all nature & humanity
43
Q

Ralph Waldo Emerson

A
  • Leader of Transcendentalism
  • Wrote American Scholar and Self Reliance
44
Q

Henry David Thoreau

A
  • Leader of Transcendentalism
  • Wrote Walden and Civil Disobedience (refused to pay taxes during Mexican-American War)
45
Q

Margaret Fuller

A
  • Leader of Transcendentalism
  • Editor of The Dial
  • Wrote Woman in the 19th Century (First feminist historical book)
46
Q

Brooke Farm

A
  • 1841-1847
  • Short lived utopian community for transcendentalists
47
Q

Eli Whitney

A
  • Invented the cotton gin
  • Helped speed up processing cotton, allowing its expansion in the South
48
Q

Samuel Slater

A
  • Introduced the first water-power cotton mill to the US
  • Revolutionized textile industry

APUSH (4 decks)

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