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Time Period 7 Test Flashcards

1
Q

Spanish American War

A

1898, McKinley
Caused by Yellow Journalism (dramatic headlines) and Jingoism (extreme patriotism)

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2
Q

U.S.S. Maine

A

US Navy ship made a “friendly” visit to Cuba, sank under mysterious circumstances and killed Americans
- Contributed to start of Spanish-American War

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3
Q

Anti-Imperialist League

A

Organization that opposed the annexation of the philippines

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4
Q

Big Stick Diplomacy

A

Teddy Roosevelt’s aggressive foreign policy
- “Speak softly and carry a big stick”
- Big stick is the US Navy and battleships

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5
Q

Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine

A

Modification made to the Monroe Doctrine
- Said the US would be the “policeman of the Americas”
- Neighboring nations did not like it

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6
Q

Panama Canal

A
  • Made Panama a country
  • Allowed the US to be a two ocean world power
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7
Q

The Great White Fleet

A

US battleships were painted white & sent on a tour of the world to show peace
- Teddy Roosevelt says it was his greatest accomplishment

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8
Q

Dollar Diplomacy

A

William Howard Taft’s policy
- US ambassadors sell American business
- The more involved other nations are, the better for both

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9
Q

The Square Deal

A

Teddy Roosevelt’s plan to provide economic and political stability.
- Conservation
- Business
- Workers’ rights

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10
Q

TR’s response to Coal Mine dispute

A

Technically sided with neither side, but threatened to use US Army force
- First time Pres. did not fully side with the owners

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11
Q

Trust-Busting

A

Teddy Roosevelt cracked down on monopolized businesses to encourage competition in the marketplace.
- Sherman Antitrust Act was used against New England railroads first

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12
Q

Conservation/national parks

A

Conservation Program started by Teddy Roosevelt, accepted as biggest accomplishment
- Ntnl. Parks, monuments, etc.

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13
Q

The Jungle

A

Book by Upton Sinclair that showed the horrors of Chicago’s meatpacking industry
- meant to get justice for the workers
- led to the Meat Inspection Act

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14
Q

Pure Food & Drug Act

A

Under Teddy Roosevelt, prohibited the making, sale, and transportation of harmful “foods, drugs, medicines, and liquors”

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15
Q

Muckrakers

A

Journalists from the early 1900s that exposed corruption, scandal, etc. Teddy Roosevelt hated because they were negative
- Upton Sinclair
- Ida Wells
- Ida Tarbell
- Lincoln Steffans

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16
Q

The 1912 Election

A

Roosevelt & Taft were fighting over Taft’s different diplomacy, so Woodrow Wilson won

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17
Q

Clayton Anti-Trust Act

A

Under Wilson, added to the Sherman Antitrust Act.
- Banned business collusion
- Helped legitimize trade unions

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18
Q

Federal Reserve System

A

New system of banking and credit under Wilson
- aimed to get rid of the “boom & bust” that had been happening
- 12 federal reserve districts

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19
Q

18th Amendment

A

Prohibited the making of, sale, or transportation of alcohol
- Helped crime at first, but then made it worse

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20
Q

19th Amendment

A

Gave women the right to vote
- Alice Paul & Silent Sentinels protested to get women’s suffrage

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21
Q

Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

A

Germany’s policy during WWI of sinking any ship that entered their area
- Pushed the US to join the war

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22
Q

Zimmerman Note

A

Germany’s attempt to bring Mexico into WWI to distract the US
- Pushed the US to join the war

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23
Q

Sussex Pledge

A

Threat from US to Germany on unrestricted sub. warfare
- Germany agreed with conditions, Wilson ignored the conditions
- Germany resumed USW soon after

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24
Q

Wilson’s 14 points

A

President WIlson’s basis for lasting peace after the war
- League of Nations

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25
Treaty of Versailles
Officially ended WWI and created the League of Nations - Placed blame on Germany and made them pay - Reservationists did not like that the US would have to help other members if they were attacked
26
American opposition to the League of Nations
Mostly Republicans - Reservationists hated that the US would have to help other members if attacked - Irreconciliables hated everything about it
27
The Great Migration
Population shift where lots of Black people left the South to escape poverty and racism - Went north for jobs
28
The Red Scare
Fear of communists & anarchists after the Russian Revolution - Palmer Raids resulted in many people being arrested or deported
29
Sacco & Vanzetti
Court case in which two Italian immigrants were blamed for a murder at a shoe factory despite shaky evidence - Connects to the Red Scare and the fear it caused
30
Prohibition
Established by the 18th Amendment (no alcohol) - At first caused less crime, but then had a negative impact - enforced by Volstead Act - Pushed largely by women and Catholics
31
Teapot Dome Scandal
Illegal sale of oil & land between government and Sinclair Oil - Albert Fall took all the blame - Sec. of Navy Denby forced to resign
32
National Origins Act/Immigration Quota Act of 1924
Under Coolidge, dropped immigration quota (due to Red Scare) - hurt southern & eastern Europeans and Asian immigrants - Japans # dropped to 0
33
Washington Naval Conference
Under Harding, major naval countries met to limit size of navies - 10 yr halt on building ships - Ratio for how many ships nations can have
34
Scopes Monkey Trial
Tennessee teacher arrested for teaching evolution - Showed struggle between traditional, religious ways and modern, scientific ways - Symbolized changes in America during the 1920s
35
Election of 1928 (Al Smith vs. Herbert Hoover)
Hoover: country, Protestant, didn't drink, quiet, good on the radio Smith: city, Catholic, drank, outgoing, good in person - Smith went against religious prejudice & other rumors - Hoover won
36
"Big Bull Market"
Time during the 1920s of great economic success before the Great Depression - Stock markets rose consistently
37
"Black Tuesday"/Stock Market Crash
The crash of the US stock market that marked the start of the Great Depression - not the only cause
38
Rugged Individualism
Hoover's first policy during the Great Depression - believed the market would fix itself and Americans just needed to keep pushing - seemed insensitive
39
Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC)
Under Hoover, his attempt at helping the Great Depression - Gave corporations loans to hire more workers - Assist relief agencies (helped corporations, not individuals) - Frowned upon bc it was a lot of money for a Laissez Faire president
40
Bonus Army
WWI veterans marched on DC to demand their service bonuses - US army cleared the protesters under Hoovers direction - final nail in the coffin for Hoover
41
"3 R's"
Under FDR's New Deal: Relief: direct aid to people Recovery: aid to businesses Reform: insured against future abuse
42
100 Days
First 3 months of FDR's presidency - Congress quickly approved anything the White House wanted in order to try and help the economy
43
Bank Holiday/FDIC
Banks were closed during the Great Depression to stop panic and were allowed to reopen once they were deemed safe - Added the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (protected against bank failures)
44
Alphabet Agency: AAA
Agricultural Adjustment Act - limited farm surplus and provided subsidies to help farmers - set up Federal Land Bank - Killed by US v Butler
45
Alphabet Agency: NRA
National Recovery Administration - "The Blue Eagle" - wage & price controls - Killed by Schechter Poultry v US (Sick Chicken case)
46
Alphabet Agency: WPA
Works Progress Administration - put the unemployed to work building sidewalks, bridges, etc.
47
Alphabet Agency: TVA
Tennessee Valley Authority - built dams & helped provide electricity in the South - MOST CONTROVERSIAL due to "creeping socialism" (got in the way of private electricity businesses)
48
Alphabet Agency: CCC
Civilian Conservation Corps - employed young men in conservation tasks (national parks) - MOST SUCCESSFUL
49
John Maynard Keynes & "pump priming"
Keynes was part of the Brain Trust (young college professors brainstorming ways to help the economy) - said the government needs to spend $, even if they don't have it, to get the economy going again
50
The Dust Bowl
Period of severe drought & dust storms in the Great Plains during the 1930s - killed crops & livestock, contributing to the Great Depression
51
Social Security
Under FDR, created retirement pensions and unemployment insurance & assistance for the disabled
52
Court Packing
FDR wanted to add more judges to the Supreme Court, felt it was out of touch - add another judge for every one >70 that served 10+ years (15 total) - was turned down by everyone
53
Father Coughlin
Wanted to redistribute wealth, hated the New Deal for catering to the rich - lots of radio fans
54
Huey Long
Governor then US Senator, he wanted to confiscate the property of the rich - "Every man a king" - assassinated before running for president
55
Isolationism
The US did not want to get involved with other nations' affairs - rose in the 20s after WWI
56
American Neutrality - "Cash & Carry" "Lend/Lease"
Part of Neutrality Acts - Cash & Carry helped Britain - Lend/Lease helped Britain and others (marked the end of American neutrality)
57
Pearl Harbor
Attack on US ships harbored in Hawaii by Japanese forces - embargoes against Japan contributed - prompted US to join war
58
"Europe First"
Allied strategy during WWII where they focused on defeating Hitler in Nazi Germany before Japan in the Pacific
59
D-Day
Invasion of German-occupied France by Allied forces - turning point of the war for America, France, etc., but not Russia
60
Midway
First engagement between Japanese and US Navy - US broke Japanese military codes & knew the attack was coming - Japan lost ships that put them behind for the rest of the war - Turning point in Pacific
61
"Island Hopping"
Tactic used by Allies forces during WWII in the Pacific - only attacking low security but important islands (airports, supply bases)
62
VE & VJ Day
VE: "Victory in Europe" - May 8, 1945 - Germany surrenders - Hitler commits suicide VJ: "Victory in Japan" - August 14/15, 1945 - After atomic bombs were dropped
63
Yalta Conference
Meeting between "The Big Three" near the end of the war (Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin) - Occupation of Germany after the war (4 parts) - Stalin agrees to UN as long as USSR receives a veto vote - Stalins "Big Lie" about Eastern Europe (lwk start of Cold War)
64
Potsdam Conference
Meeting between Truman, Stalin, Churchill/Atlee - Potsdam ultimatum said if Japan refuses to surrender, they will be destroyed
65
Atomic bombs
Dropped on Hiroshima & Nagasaki under Truman - controversial
66
US Wartime economy
War Productions Board - stops non-essential production - prioritizes transportation & natural resources Office of Price Admin - rationing - regulations/price caps
67
Double V for Victory
Slogan used by Black Americans to show their victory abroad against tyranny (Hitler) and their victory at home against racism
68
Women in WWII
Women in armed forces - WAACs (army) - WAVES (navy) - SPARs (coast guard) Got jobs in industries and stayed there after the war
69
Japanese Internment & Fred Korematsu
Executive Order 9066 signed by FDR - Japanese Americans on west coast sent to internment camps with little belongings Fred Korematsu refused & tried to sue the government, but lost - Schenck Case was used against him

APUSH (11 decks)

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