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APUSH > Semester One FINAL > Flashcards

Semester One FINAL Flashcards

1
Q

French & Indian War

A

Caused by fighting over the Ohio River Valley
Resulted in France being forced to leave the US and England taxing the colonies

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2
Q

American Revolution

A

Caused by the colonies having no rights
“No taxation without representation”

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3
Q

Lexington/Concord

A

First shots of the American Revolution

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4
Q

Saratoga

A

First major victory of the US in the American Rev.
Led to an alliance with France

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5
Q

Yorktown

A

Last battle of the American Rev, Britain surrenders

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6
Q

2nd Continental Congress

A

Tried the Olive Branch Petition before the Declaration of Independence

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7
Q

Declaration of Independence

A

Natural Rights, governments job to protect them, citizens have the right and duty to rebel.

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8
Q

Thomas Jefferson

A

Wrote the Declaration of Independence

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9
Q

Articles of Confederation

A

Very weak: No taxes, no military, no printing money, states can override everything

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10
Q

Land Ordinance of 1785

A

Surveyed & sold land, only way for the Articles of Confederation to make money, every 16th block sold went to education

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11
Q

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

A

Clarified laws on becoming a state vs a territory

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12
Q

US Constitution

A

Caused by Shae’s Rebellion, showed a need for a stronger government

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13
Q

Federalists/Anti-Federalists

A

Federalists - Strong government, loose interpretation of Const., supported by the rich, pro-British (Madison, Hamilton, etc)
Anti-Federalists - Weak government, strict interpretation of Const., supported by middle class, pro-French (Jefferson)

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14
Q

Division of Powers

A

States have some powers, the national government has others

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15
Q

Separation of Powers

A

3 branches - Legislative, Executive, Judiciary

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16
Q

“Elastic Clause”

A

Said Congress could make laws - Bank of US

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17
Q

Electoral College

A

We vote for representatives who then vote for us

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18
Q

Bill of Rights

A

Compromise from federalists to anti-federalists, written by James Madison

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19
Q

Washington’s Precedents

A

2 terms, inaugural address

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20
Q

Hamilton’s Financial Plan

A

Pay off debt, national govt. assumes states debt, establish the Bank of the US, the national capital moves further South

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21
Q

American Neutrality

A

Refused to take a side in the fights between France and Britain.

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22
Q

XYZ Affair

A

Canceled treaties with France

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23
Q

Kentucky & Virginia Resolutions

A

Demonstrate states rights, Compact Theory and Nullification

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24
Q

Marbury v Madison

A

Established judicial review

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25
Q

McCulloch v Maryland

A

First Federal stand for the ntnl govs power

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26
Q

Dartmouth College v Woodward

A

Constitution protects contracts

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27
Q

Gibbons v Ogden

A

Congress controls interstate commerce

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28
Q

“Revolution of 1800”

A

Peaceful transfer of power from one political party to another

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29
Q

Louisiana Purchase

A

Went against Jeffersons ideals, doubled size of US

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30
Q

Lewis & Clark Expedition

A

Main goal was to find the Northwest Passage, but also to map the land, make treaties with Native Americans, chart flora & fauna

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31
Q

Embargo of 1807

A

Jefferson’s big mistake, hurt the US more than anyone else

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32
Q

War of 1812

A

James Madison was President. Caused by Warhawks (Henry Clay, John C. Calhoun), Indian Unrest, and Impressment. Washington DC was burned by Canada

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33
Q

Battle of New Orleans

A

During the War of 1812. Andrew Jackson was a war hero, occurred after the treaty was made

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34
Q

Treaty of Ghent

A

Ended the War of 1812, said no one got anything and things returned to how they were before.

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35
Q

Era of Good Feelings

A

James Monroe was President. One political party, but sectionalism (North vs South) was growing

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36
Q

Monroe Doctrine

A

No more European colonization of the US. Aimed at Russia on the west coast, but also France and others

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37
Q

John Quincy Adams

A

Secretary of State, made the Adams-Onis Treaty and Monroe Doctrine

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38
Q

Missouri Compromise

A

Missouri was a slave state, Maine was a free state. Established the 36-30 Line, by Henry Clay

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39
Q

Corrupt Bargain of 1824

A

Andrew Jackson accused John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay of working together, against him.

40
Q

Rise of the Common Man

A

Precedent set by Andrew Jackson, said presidential candidates should relate to normal people too

41
Q

Convention System

A

Political parties choose candidates for president

42
Q

Tariff of Abominations

A

South Carolina was mad, John C. Calhoun quit because Jackson favored ntnl. supremacy.

43
Q

Indian Removal Policy

A

Trail of Tears.

44
Q

Bank of the US

A

Jackson killed it because it only benefited the rich, killed by putting money into pet banks

45
Q

Spoils System

A

The president picks people for government jobs

46
Q

Kitchen Cabinet

A

Andrew Jackson’s friends that acted more as his cabinet

47
Q

1840 Election “New Rules”

A

Slogan, give away free stuff (alcohol), portray yourself as a common man

48
Q

Tyler Precedent

A

Tyler became and stayed president after the president died

49
Q

Manifest Destiny

A

God-given belief that the US is destined to span from ocean to ocean (1830s-1850s)

50
Q

James K. Polk & his promises

A

“Dark horse” president who was unexpected. Promised to take Texas, California, and Oregon, and establish an independent treasury system. He fulfilled almost all of them

51
Q

Mexican American War

A

Caused by the US wanting to take California

52
Q

Texas Border Dispute

A

Officially started the Mexican American War

53
Q

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

A

Ended Mexican American War. US gained California, then found gold.

54
Q

Compromise of 1850

A

California was a free state, no slave trade in Washington DC
Popular Sovereignty in Utah & New Mexico, Fugitive Slave Law

55
Q

William Lloyd Garrison

A

Abolitionist, The Liberator Newspaper

56
Q

Harriet Beecher Stowe

A

Wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin in response to the Fugitive Slave Law

57
Q

John Brown

A

Violent Abolitionist, led Harper’s Ferry

58
Q

Frederick Douglass

A

Freed Black man, advocated for African American troops in the Civil War

59
Q

Kansas Nebraska Act

A

Decided by popular sovereignty, led to Bloody Kansas

60
Q

Dred Scott Decision

A

Got rid of the 36-30 Line, extremely racist court decision that said slaves weren’t allowed to file claims

61
Q

Abraham Lincoln & the Civil War

A

Started by saying the purpose was to preserve the Union, then said it was over slavery

62
Q

Jefferson Davis

A

President of the Confederacy, had very little power

63
Q

Anaconda Plan

A

The Unions Civil War plan

64
Q

Antietam

A

First time the South invaded the North in the Civil War, led to the Emancipation Proclamation

65
Q

Emancipation Proclamation

A

Did NOT end slavery

66
Q

Gettysburg/Vicksburg

A

Turning points of the Civil War

67
Q

Appomattox Courthouse

A

Officially ended the Civil War, South surrendered

68
Q

Assassination of Lincoln

A

By John Wilkes Booth, he wanted to restart the war. Ended up being bad for the South

69
Q

Reconstruction Aims

A

Politically, physically, freedmen

70
Q

Radical Republican Plan (Congress)

A

Slow reentry of the South

71
Q

Presidential Plan (Lincoln and Johnson)

A

Quick reentry of the South

72
Q

Freedman’s Bureau

A

First time the government helped citizens, specifically slaves

73
Q

Carpetbaggers

A

Northerners who went to the South to help rebuild after reconstruction, Southerners said they only did it to make money

74
Q

Scalawags

A

Sympathetic republicans

75
Q

Impeachment of Johnson

A

Happened after he impeached the Secretary of War, Edwin Stanton

76
Q

“Black Codes”/Jim Crow Laws

A

Racist laws that Southern states made to oppress freedmen again

77
Q

Political Machines

A

Controlled cities

78
Q

Tammany Hall - “Tweed Ring”

A

Political machine, taken down by cartoonist Thomas Nast

79
Q

Grant Scandals

A

Led to the 3-way split in the Republican party
Credit Mobilier/RR Subsidies - Kickbacks from RR companies to Congressmen
Belknap Scandal - Selling Indian Reservation positions to corrupt people, led to Plains Indian Wars

80
Q

Plains Indian Wars

A

Goal was to get the Indians moved to the reservations, one tactic was killing bison.

81
Q

Helen Hunt Jackson - “Century of Dishonor”

A

Said the government had failed the Indians for the last 100 years

82
Q

Election of 1876

A

Ends Reconstruction

83
Q

Compromise of 1877

A

Political deal that made Rutherford B. Hayes President

84
Q

Division of Republican Party

A

Stalwarts - Liked corruption, supported Grant
Half Breeds - Okay with corruption outside of their party
Liberals - Hated corruption, voted Democratic

85
Q

Assassination of James Garfield

A

Killed by a stalwart who was denied a job in the government, led to the Pendleton Act

86
Q

Pendleton Act

A

Got rid of the Spoils system, due to Garfields assassination

87
Q

Horatio Alger

A

Wrote short stories about “rags to riches”

88
Q

Transcontinental Railroad

A

Became an idea after California became a state, Central Pacific RR and Union Pacific RR

89
Q

Robber Barons/Captains of Industry

A

Robber Barons - Name for rich by those who hated them
Captains of Industry - Name for rich by those who liked them

90
Q

Andrew Carnegie

A

Steel, from Scotland, “Gospel of Wealth”, vertical consolidation

91
Q

John D. Rockefeller

A

Oil, from Ohio, horizontal consolidation

92
Q

JP Morgan

A

Banker, bought Carnegie Steel

93
Q

California’s Big Four

A

Controlled the Central Pacific Railroad (Stanford, Huntington, etc.)

94
Q

Gospel of Wealth

A

Carnegie’s way of spending his money (libraries, performing arts, etc.)

95
Q

Social Gospel

A

Anti-Social Darwinism

APUSH (8 decks)

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