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APUSH > Semester One FINAL > Flashcards

Semester One FINAL Flashcards

1
Q

French & Indian War

A

Caused by fighting over the Ohio River Valley
Resulted in France being forced to leave the US and England taxing the colonies

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2
Q

American Revolution

A

Caused by the colonies having no rights
“No taxation without representation”

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3
Q

Lexington/Concord

A

First shots of the American Revolution

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4
Q

Saratoga

A

First major victory of the US in the American Rev.
Led to an alliance with France

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5
Q

Yorktown

A

Last battle of the American Rev, Britain surrenders

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6
Q

2nd Continental Congress

A

Tried the Olive Branch Petition before the Declaration of Independence

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7
Q

Declaration of Independence

A

Natural Rights, governments job to protect them, citizens have the right and duty to rebel.

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8
Q

Thomas Jefferson

A

Wrote the Declaration of Independence

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9
Q

Articles of Confederation

A

Very weak: No taxes, no military, no printing money, states can override everything

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10
Q

Land Ordinance of 1785

A

Surveyed & sold land, only way for the Articles of Confederation to make money, every 16th block sold went to education

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11
Q

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

A

Clarified laws on becoming a state vs a territory

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12
Q

US Constitution

A

Caused by Shae’s Rebellion, showed a need for a stronger government

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13
Q

Federalists/Anti-Federalists

A

Federalists - Strong government, loose interpretation of Const., supported by the rich, pro-British (Madison, Hamilton, etc)
Anti-Federalists - Weak government, strict interpretation of Const., supported by middle class, pro-French (Jefferson)

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14
Q

Division of Powers

A

States have some powers, the national government has others

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15
Q

Separation of Powers

A

3 branches - Legislative, Executive, Judiciary

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16
Q

“Elastic Clause”

A

Said Congress could make laws - Bank of US

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17
Q

Electoral College

A

We vote for representatives who then vote for us

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18
Q

Bill of Rights

A

Compromise from federalists to anti-federalists, written by James Madison

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19
Q

Washington’s Precedents

A

2 terms, inaugural address

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20
Q

Hamilton’s Financial Plan

A

Pay off debt, national govt. assumes states debt, establish the Bank of the US, the national capital moves further South

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21
Q

American Neutrality

A

Refused to take a side in the fights between France and Britain.

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22
Q

XYZ Affair

A

Canceled treaties with France

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23
Q

Kentucky & Virginia Resolutions

A

Demonstrate states rights, Compact Theory and Nullification

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24
Q

Marbury v Madison

A

Established judicial review

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25
McCulloch v Maryland
First Federal stand for the ntnl govs power
26
Dartmouth College v Woodward
Constitution protects contracts
27
Gibbons v Ogden
Congress controls interstate commerce
28
"Revolution of 1800"
Peaceful transfer of power from one political party to another
29
Louisiana Purchase
Went against Jeffersons ideals, doubled size of US
30
Lewis & Clark Expedition
Main goal was to find the Northwest Passage, but also to map the land, make treaties with Native Americans, chart flora & fauna
31
Embargo of 1807
Jefferson's big mistake, hurt the US more than anyone else
32
War of 1812
James Madison was President. Caused by Warhawks (Henry Clay, John C. Calhoun), Indian Unrest, and Impressment. Washington DC was burned by Canada
33
Battle of New Orleans
During the War of 1812. Andrew Jackson was a war hero, occurred after the treaty was made
34
Treaty of Ghent
Ended the War of 1812, said no one got anything and things returned to how they were before.
35
Era of Good Feelings
James Monroe was President. One political party, but sectionalism (North vs South) was growing
36
Monroe Doctrine
No more European colonization of the US. Aimed at Russia on the west coast, but also France and others
37
John Quincy Adams
Secretary of State, made the Adams-Onis Treaty and Monroe Doctrine
38
Missouri Compromise
Missouri was a slave state, Maine was a free state. Established the 36-30 Line, by Henry Clay
39
Corrupt Bargain of 1824
Andrew Jackson accused John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay of working together, against him.
40
Rise of the Common Man
Precedent set by Andrew Jackson, said presidential candidates should relate to normal people too
41
Convention System
Political parties choose candidates for president
42
Tariff of Abominations
South Carolina was mad, John C. Calhoun quit because Jackson favored ntnl. supremacy.
43
Indian Removal Policy
Trail of Tears.
44
Bank of the US
Jackson killed it because it only benefited the rich, killed by putting money into pet banks
45
Spoils System
The president picks people for government jobs
46
Kitchen Cabinet
Andrew Jackson's friends that acted more as his cabinet
47
1840 Election "New Rules"
Slogan, give away free stuff (alcohol), portray yourself as a common man
48
Tyler Precedent
Tyler became and stayed president after the president died
49
Manifest Destiny
God-given belief that the US is destined to span from ocean to ocean (1830s-1850s)
50
James K. Polk & his promises
"Dark horse" president who was unexpected. Promised to take Texas, California, and Oregon, and establish an independent treasury system. He fulfilled almost all of them
51
Mexican American War
Caused by the US wanting to take California
52
Texas Border Dispute
Officially started the Mexican American War
53
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Ended Mexican American War. US gained California, then found gold.
54
Compromise of 1850
California was a free state, no slave trade in Washington DC Popular Sovereignty in Utah & New Mexico, Fugitive Slave Law
55
William Lloyd Garrison
Abolitionist, The Liberator Newspaper
56
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin in response to the Fugitive Slave Law
57
John Brown
Violent Abolitionist, led Harper's Ferry
58
Frederick Douglass
Freed Black man, advocated for African American troops in the Civil War
59
Kansas Nebraska Act
Decided by popular sovereignty, led to Bloody Kansas
60
Dred Scott Decision
Got rid of the 36-30 Line, extremely racist court decision that said slaves weren't allowed to file claims
61
Abraham Lincoln & the Civil War
Started by saying the purpose was to preserve the Union, then said it was over slavery
62
Jefferson Davis
President of the Confederacy, had very little power
63
Anaconda Plan
The Unions Civil War plan
64
Antietam
First time the South invaded the North in the Civil War, led to the Emancipation Proclamation
65
Emancipation Proclamation
Did NOT end slavery
66
Gettysburg/Vicksburg
Turning points of the Civil War
67
Appomattox Courthouse
Officially ended the Civil War, South surrendered
68
Assassination of Lincoln
By John Wilkes Booth, he wanted to restart the war. Ended up being bad for the South
69
Reconstruction Aims
Politically, physically, freedmen
70
Radical Republican Plan (Congress)
Slow reentry of the South
71
Presidential Plan (Lincoln and Johnson)
Quick reentry of the South
72
Freedman's Bureau
First time the government helped citizens, specifically slaves
73
Carpetbaggers
Northerners who went to the South to help rebuild after reconstruction, Southerners said they only did it to make money
74
Scalawags
Sympathetic republicans
75
Impeachment of Johnson
Happened after he impeached the Secretary of War, Edwin Stanton
76
"Black Codes"/Jim Crow Laws
Racist laws that Southern states made to oppress freedmen again
77
Political Machines
Controlled cities
78
Tammany Hall - "Tweed Ring"
Political machine, taken down by cartoonist Thomas Nast
79
Grant Scandals
Led to the 3-way split in the Republican party Credit Mobilier/RR Subsidies - Kickbacks from RR companies to Congressmen Belknap Scandal - Selling Indian Reservation positions to corrupt people, led to Plains Indian Wars
80
Plains Indian Wars
Goal was to get the Indians moved to the reservations, one tactic was killing bison.
81
Helen Hunt Jackson - "Century of Dishonor"
Said the government had failed the Indians for the last 100 years
82
Election of 1876
Ends Reconstruction
83
Compromise of 1877
Political deal that made Rutherford B. Hayes President
84
Division of Republican Party
Stalwarts - Liked corruption, supported Grant Half Breeds - Okay with corruption outside of their party Liberals - Hated corruption, voted Democratic
85
Assassination of James Garfield
Killed by a stalwart who was denied a job in the government, led to the Pendleton Act
86
Pendleton Act
Got rid of the Spoils system, due to Garfields assassination
87
Horatio Alger
Wrote short stories about "rags to riches"
88
Transcontinental Railroad
Became an idea after California became a state, Central Pacific RR and Union Pacific RR
89
Robber Barons/Captains of Industry
Robber Barons - Name for rich by those who hated them Captains of Industry - Name for rich by those who liked them
90
Andrew Carnegie
Steel, from Scotland, "Gospel of Wealth", vertical consolidation
91
John D. Rockefeller
Oil, from Ohio, horizontal consolidation
92
JP Morgan
Banker, bought Carnegie Steel
93
California's Big Four
Controlled the Central Pacific Railroad (Stanford, Huntington, etc.)
94
Gospel of Wealth
Carnegie's way of spending his money (libraries, performing arts, etc.)
95
Social Gospel
Anti-Social Darwinism

APUSH (11 decks)

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