Time Out and Response Cost Flashcards
loss of access to all positive reinforcers for a breif period contingent on problem behavior, which results in a decrease in the problem behavior (negative punishment)
Time Out
2 types of time out:
- Non-exclusionary
2. Exclusionary
individual remains in room while being removed from access to positive SR
Non-exclusionary
Example:
Timeout chari
non-exclusionary
Individual removed from the room where problem behavior occurred and is taken to another room, which removes all sources of positive SR
Exclusionary
Example:
Principles office
Exclusionary
Why it is important to determine the function of problem behavior prior to implementing TO?
Not all PB can be decreased by TO
When is it appropriate to use TO?
use w/ pb maintained by social positive reinforcement (attention and tangibles)
Time in reinforced with positive reinforcement making them want to stay in time in area instead of time out
When is it NOT appropriate to use TO?
when PB is maintained by:
- Social negative reinforcement
- reinforces escape maintained PB
- Automatic SR
- allows opportunity to engage in repetitive bx w/ out interruption
Safety procedures for TO room:
- Be safe (free of sharp or breakable objects) well lit, and barren
- Have observation window so individual can be observed
- Room cannot have lock, so individual cannot lock out change agent
Briefly discuss the importance of the time-in environment and what is should entail
Time In environment provides social reinforcement for good behavior while time out environment provides negative punishment for pb
Removal of a specified amount of specific reinforcer that person already has contingent on occurrence of pb, which results in a decrease in future probability of pb
Response Cost
Examples of RC for government and law enforcement uses:
- IRS fines for not paying taxes
- Parking or speeding tickets
- Fine for turning in books late to library
Difference between RC, TO, and EXT?:
- EXT: remove reinforcer that maintained PB
- TO: remove ALL reinforcement contingent on PB
- RC: specific amount of a specific SR person already possesses removed after PB
Similarities between RC, TO, and EXT?
all used to decrease bx
token loss or loss of ongoing SR
Immediate RC
Ex:
Fake being taken away: Loss of opportunity immediate
Immediate RC
fines paid later; loss of opportunity to engage in activity later in the day; loss of allowance at end of week
Delayed RC
Ex:
Parking ticket: loss of money when time to pay bill
Delayed RC
Two types of RC:
Immediate
Delayed
Ethical considerations with the use of RC:
- Important that removal of SR does not violate rights of person or result in harm
- Taking away personal possession from adult with IDD would be violation of rights
- Depriving someone of a meal or food that’s normally available is violation of rights
