Differential Reinforcement

Question 1

SR for desirable behavior and EXT for undesirable behavior

Answer 1

Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA)

Question 2

SR for absence of problem behavior for a specified amount of time and EXT for problem behavior

Answer 2

Differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO)

Question 3

SR delivered contingent on a low rate of responding during a period of time
Decrease in problem behavior intensity

Answer 3

Differential reinforcement of low rates of behavior(DRL)

Question 4

2. Two ways to determine SR in DRA:

Answer 4

1. verbal preference assessment

2. items or activities preference assessment

Question 5

ask the person or someone close to them for items/ activities they like to engage in

Answer 5

Verbal preference assessment

Question 6

systematic procedures to determine allocation of responding toward particular item/activity

Answer 6

Items or activity preference assessment

Question 7

each item presented one at a time to individual, measure whether individual approaches item, calculate and graph & of times individual approached each time

Answer 7

Single stimulus preference assessment

Question 8

Two items presented at a time to individual, measure which item individual picks, calculate & graph percent of times individual chose each item

Answer 8

Paired-stimulus preference assessment

Question 9

array of items presented at one time to individual, measure which item individual picks first, remove chosen item then present remaining items, continue to measure the order in which individual picks items until all items chosen. Graph the rank order in which items chosen or percentage each item chosen (if conducted multiple MSWO’s)

Answer 9

Multiple-stimulus without replacement preference assessment:

Question 10

3 types of preference assessments:

Answer 10

1. Single stimulus
2. Paired stimulus
3. Multiple-stimulus without replacement

Question 11

are conducted to validate preference assessment outcome and to ensure high preferred items/activities function as SR

Answer 11

Reinforcer assessments

Question 12

DRA for PB maintained by Tangibles

Answer 12

Teach and provide preferred tangible immediately and continuously for a desirable behavior; no longer deliver proffered tangible for undesirable behavior

Question 13

DRA for PB maintained by

Attention:

Answer 13

Teach and provide attention immediately and continuously for a desirable behavior; no longer deliver attention for undesirable behavior

Question 14

DRA for PB maintained by Escape

Answer 14

Teach and provide escape immediately and continuously for a desirable behavior; no longer deliver escape for undesirable behavior

Question 15

DRA for PB:

Answer 15

Reinforce with preferred items/activities for target behavior, EXT problem behavior

Question 16

SR for desirable behavior is the functional reinforcer; desirable behavior is a communicative response to access the SR

Answer 16

Functional Communication training (FCT)

Question 17

4 Tools used for FCT

Answer 17

1. Asking
2. Signing
3. Using picture cards
4. Communication Device

Question 18

Initial DRO Interval is determined by:

Answer 18

Baseline levels of problem behavior

Question 19

Steps to determine DRO intervals

Answer 19

• Choose interval that results in highest probability of SR
• Average amount of time that elapses between PB
• Set DRO interval less than the amount of time that elapses between pb

Question 20

If problem behavior occurs in DRO:

Answer 20

SR not delivered and interval for SR delivery is reset

Question 21

PB must be absent for the whole interval for SR to be delivered

Answer 21

Whole-interval DRO:

Question 22

PB must be absent at end of the interval for SR to be delivered

Answer 22

Momentary DRO

Question 23

Create DRA for PB of screaming in class

Answer 23

Reinforce asking for help instead of screaming in class

Question 24

Create DRO for PB of screaming in class

Answer 24

Reinforce not screaming in class for whole math period, don’t reinforce if child screams in math period

Question 25

Create DRL for PB of screaming in class

Answer 25

Reinforce student using different voice level other than screaming