Differential Reinforcement Flashcards
SR for desirable behavior and EXT for undesirable behavior
Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA)
SR for absence of problem behavior for a specified amount of time and EXT for problem behavior
Differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO)
SR delivered contingent on a low rate of responding during a period of time
Decrease in problem behavior intensity
Differential reinforcement of low rates of behavior(DRL)
- Two ways to determine SR in DRA:
- verbal preference assessment
2. items or activities preference assessment
ask the person or someone close to them for items/ activities they like to engage in
Verbal preference assessment
systematic procedures to determine allocation of responding toward particular item/activity
Items or activity preference assessment
each item presented one at a time to individual, measure whether individual approaches item, calculate and graph & of times individual approached each time
Single stimulus preference assessment
Two items presented at a time to individual, measure which item individual picks, calculate & graph percent of times individual chose each item
Paired-stimulus preference assessment
array of items presented at one time to individual, measure which item individual picks first, remove chosen item then present remaining items, continue to measure the order in which individual picks items until all items chosen. Graph the rank order in which items chosen or percentage each item chosen (if conducted multiple MSWO’s)
Multiple-stimulus without replacement preference assessment:
3 types of preference assessments:
- Single stimulus
- Paired stimulus
- Multiple-stimulus without replacement
are conducted to validate preference assessment outcome and to ensure high preferred items/activities function as SR
Reinforcer assessments
DRA for PB maintained by Tangibles
Teach and provide preferred tangible immediately and continuously for a desirable behavior; no longer deliver proffered tangible for undesirable behavior
DRA for PB maintained by
Attention:
Teach and provide attention immediately and continuously for a desirable behavior; no longer deliver attention for undesirable behavior
DRA for PB maintained by Escape
Teach and provide escape immediately and continuously for a desirable behavior; no longer deliver escape for undesirable behavior
DRA for PB:
Reinforce with preferred items/activities for target behavior, EXT problem behavior
SR for desirable behavior is the functional reinforcer; desirable behavior is a communicative response to access the SR
Functional Communication training (FCT)
4 Tools used for FCT
- Asking
- Signing
- Using picture cards
- Communication Device
Initial DRO Interval is determined by:
Baseline levels of problem behavior
Steps to determine DRO intervals
- Choose interval that results in highest probability of SR
- Average amount of time that elapses between PB
- Set DRO interval less than the amount of time that elapses between pb
If problem behavior occurs in DRO:
SR not delivered and interval for SR delivery is reset
PB must be absent for the whole interval for SR to be delivered
Whole-interval DRO:
PB must be absent at end of the interval for SR to be delivered
Momentary DRO
Create DRA for PB of screaming in class
Reinforce asking for help instead of screaming in class
Create DRO for PB of screaming in class
Reinforce not screaming in class for whole math period, don’t reinforce if child screams in math period
Create DRL for PB of screaming in class
Reinforce student using different voice level other than screaming
