Time And History Flashcards
Monarchy
a form of government with a monarch at the head.
synonyms: kingship, sovereignty, autocracy, monocracy, absolutism, absolute power, despotism, royalism, monarchism
Sovereign
a supreme ruler, especially a monarch.
“the Emperor became the first Japanese sovereign to visit Britain”
synonyms: ruler, monarch, supreme ruler, Crown, crowned head, head of state, potentate, suzerain, overlord
Abdicate
(of a monarch) renounce one’s throne.
“in 1918 Kaiser Wilhelm abdicated as German emperor”
synonyms: resign from, relinquish, renounce, give up, hand over, turn over, deliver up, surrender, vacate
Era
a long and distinct period of history with a particular feature or characteristic.
“his death marked the end of an era”
synonyms: epoch, age, period, time, eon, span, generation, stage, point in history
Regent
a person appointed to administer a country because the monarch is a minor or is absent or incapacitated.
Dynasty
a line of hereditary rulers of a country.
“the Tang dynasty”
synonyms: bloodline, line, ancestral line, lineage, house, family, ancestry, descent, extraction
Reign
hold royal office; rule as king or queen.
“Queen Elizabeth reigns over the UK”
synonyms: ruling, regnant, on the throne
Heir
a person legally entitled to the property or rank of another on that person’s death.
“his eldest son and heir”
synonyms: successor, next in line, inheritor, heir apparent, heir presumptive, heir-at-law, descendant, beneficiary, legatee
Coronation
the ceremony of crowning a sovereign or a sovereign’s consort.
“the Queen’s coronation”
synonyms: crowning, enthronement, enthroning, accession to the throne, investiture, anointing, inauguration
Rule
exercise ultimate power or authority over (an area and its people).
“the region today is ruled by elected politicians”
synonyms: be in power, be in control, hold sway, be in authority, be in command, be in charge, govern, be at the helm, reign
Realm
a kingdom.
“the peers of the realm”
synonyms: kingdom, sovereign state, monarchy, empire, principality, palatinate, duchy, country, land
Investiture
the action of formally investing a person with honors or rank.
“the investiture of bishops”
Idiosyncratic
relating to idiosyncrasy; peculiar or individual.
“she emerged as one of the great, idiosyncratic talents of the nineties”
synonyms: singular
Allegedly
used to convey that something is claimed to be the case or have taken place, although there is no proof.
“he was allegedly a leading participant in the coup attempt”
synonyms: reportedly, supposedly, reputedly, purportedly, ostensibly, apparently, by all accounts, so the story goes, putatively
Tumultuous
making a loud, confused noise; uproarious.
“tumultuous applause”
synonyms: loud, deafening, thunderous, thundering, ear-shattering, ear-splitting, ear-piercing, uproarious, noisy
Peculiar
strange or odd; unusual.
“his accent was a peculiar mixture of Cockney and Irish”
synonyms: bizarre, eccentric, strange, odd, weird, queer, funny, unusual, abnormal
Purportedly
as appears or is stated to be true, though not necessarily so; allegedly.
“the photos purportedly show Nina with a lover”
Depict
show or represent by a drawing, painting, or other art form.
“paintings depicting Old Testament scenes”
synonyms: limn
Dignitaries
a person considered to be important because of high rank or office.
“the guests included former shareholders, local dignitaries, and many of the people directly involved with the project”
synonyms: grandee, important person, VIP, very important person, notable, notability, worthy, personage, luminary
Commemorate
recall and show respect for (someone or something).
“a wreath-laying ceremony to commemorate the war dead”
Desecration
the action of desecrating something.
“the desecration of a grave”
synonyms: violation, profanation, sacrilege, pollution, contamination, infection, befouling, defilement, debasement
Intact
not damaged or impaired in any way; complete.
“the church was almost in ruins but its tower remained intact”
synonyms: scatheless
Fragments
a small part broken or separated off something.
“small fragments of pottery, glass, and tiles”
synonyms: spall
Phenomenal
very remarkable; extraordinary.
“the town expanded at a phenomenal rate”
synonyms: exceptional, extraordinary, remarkable, outstanding, amazing, astonishing, astounding, stunning, staggering
Dazzling
extremely bright, especially so as to blind the eyes temporarily.
“the sunlight was dazzling”
synonyms: extremely bright, blinding, glaring, brilliant, gleaming, shining
Apprehensive
anxious or fearful that something bad or unpleasant will happen.
“he felt apprehensive about going home”
synonyms: anxious, alarmed, worried, uneasy, nervous, concerned, agitated, restless, edgy
Exquisite
extremely beautiful and, typically, delicate.
“exquisite, jewellike portraits”
synonyms: beautiful, lovely, elegant, graceful, magnificent, superb, superlative, excellent, wonderful
Gruesome
causing repulsion or horror; grisly.
“a most gruesome murder”
synonyms: disgustful, loathly
Renowned
known or talked about by many people; famous.
“a restaurant renowned for its Southwestern-style food”
synonyms: famous, celebrated, famed, eminent, distinguished, acclaimed, illustrious, preeminent, prominent
Amber
hard translucent fossilized resin produced by extinct coniferous trees of the Tertiary period, typically yellowish in color.
Preserve
maintain (something) in its original or existing state.
“all records of the past were zealously preserved”
synonyms: conserve, protect, maintain, care for, take care of, look after, save, safeguard, keep
Flung
throw or hurl forcefully.
“he picked up the debris and flung it away”
synonyms: chuck, heave, bung, buzz, whang, yeet, peg, hoy, bish
Dusk
the darker stage of twilight.
“dusk was falling rapidly”
synonyms: gloaming, eventide, eve, even, evenfall
Ungodly
irreligious or immoral.
“ungodly lives of self-obsession, lust, and pleasure”
synonyms: unholy, godless, irreligious, impious, blasphemous, sacrilegious, profane, heathen, pagan
Eerie
strange and frightening.
“an eerie green glow in the sky”
synonyms: uncanny, sinister, ghostly, spectral, unnatural, unearthly, preternatural, supernatural, otherworldly
Muffled
(of a sound) not loud because of being obstructed in some way; muted.
“they heard the sounds of muffled voices”
Shrill
(of a voice or sound) high-pitched and piercing.
“a shrill laugh”
synonyms: high-pitched, piercing, high, sharp, ear-piercing, ear-splitting, air-rending, penetrating, shattering
Raucous
making or constituting a disturbingly harsh and loud noise.
“raucous youths”
synonyms: rowdy, noisy, boisterous, roisterous, unruly, disorderly, wild
Dull
lacking interest or excitement.
“your diet doesn’t have to be dull and boring”
synonyms: uninteresting, boring, tedious, tiresome, wearisome, dry, dry as dust, flat, bland
Almighty
having complete power; omnipotent.
“God almighty”
synonyms: all-powerful, omnipotent, supreme, most high, preeminent, invincible, unconquerable
Blaring out
فریاد زدن
Hummed
make a low, steady continuous sound like that of a bee.
“the computers hummed”
synonyms: susurrate, bombinate
Whirred
(especially of a machine or a bird’s wings) make a low, continuous, regular sound.
“the ceiling fans whirred in the smoky air”
Subdued
(of a person or their manner) quiet and rather reflective or depressed.
“I felt strangely subdued as I drove home”
synonyms: hushed, muted, quiet, low, soft, gentle, whispered, murmured, faint
(of color or lighting) soft and restrained.
“a subdued plaid shirt”
synonyms: dim, muted, toned down, softened, soft, lowered, shaded, low-key, subtle
Velvety
having a smooth, soft appearance, feel, or taste.
“robes of velvety black”
Invaded
(of an armed force or its commander) enter (a country or region) so as to subjugate or occupy it.
“it was all part of a grander French plan to invade Ireland”
synonyms: occupy, conquer, capture, seize, take (over), annex, win, gain, secure
Assassinate
murder (an important person) in a surprise attack for political or religious reasons.
“the organization’s leader had been assassinated four months before the coup”
synonyms: slay
Allotment
the amount of something allocated to a particular person.
“the gadget shuts off the television set when a kid has used up his allotment”
synonyms: cut, whack
Bunting
flags and other colorful festive decorations
Initiate
cause (a process or action) to begin.
“he proposes to initiate discussions on planning procedures”
synonyms: get cracking on, get going on, kick off
Amenities
a desirable or useful feature or facility of a building or place.
“heating is regarded as a basic amenity”
synonyms: facility, service, convenience, resource, utility, system, appliance, aid, advantage
Deter
discourage (someone) from doing something by instilling doubt or fear of the consequences.
“only a health problem would deter him from seeking re-election”
synonyms: put off, discourage, dissuade, scare off, warn, caution, dishearten, demoralize, daunt
Derelict
in a very poor condition as a result of disuse and neglect.
“the cities were derelict and dying”
synonyms: disused, abandoned, deserted, discarded, rejected, forsaken, cast off, relinquished, ownerless
Rallied
(of troops) come together again in order to continue fighting after a defeat or dispersion.
“De Montfort’s troops rallied and drove back the king’s infantry”
synonyms: reassemble, regroup, re-form, reunite, gather together again, get together again, round up
Motif
a decorative design or pattern.
“T-shirts featuring spiral motifs”
synonyms: design, pattern, decoration, figure, shape, logo, monogram, device, emblem
Constable
a peace officer with limited policing authority, typically in a small town.
Revival
an improvement in the condition or strength of something.
“a revival in the fortunes of the party”
synonyms: improvement, rallying, picking up, betterment, amelioration, turn for the better, advance, rally, upturn
Pastime
an activity that someone does regularly for enjoyment rather than work; a hobby.
“his favorite pastimes were shooting and golf”
synonyms: bug, thing
Fistful
as much as a person can hold in their clenched hand.
“the man took a fistful of cash from the drawer”
Exonerated
(especially of an official body) absolve (someone) from blame for a fault or wrongdoing, especially after due consideration of the case.
“they should exonerate these men from this crime”
synonyms: exculpate
release someone from (a duty or obligation).
“Pope Clement V exonerated the king from his oath to the barons”
synonyms: dispense
Defector
a person who has abandoned their country or cause in favor of an opposing one.
“staff interviewed escapees and defectors to the West”
synonyms: rat
Justified
having, done for, or marked by a good or legitimate reason.
“the doctors were justified in treating her”
Preceding
coming before something in order, position, or time.
“the preceding pages”
synonyms: anterior, prevenient, precedent, precursive, supra
Bygone
belonging to an earlier time.
“relics of a bygone society”
synonyms: forepassed
Emerging
becoming apparent or prominent.
“established and emerging artists”
Incline
feel willing or favorably disposed toward (an action, belief, or attitude).
“he was inclined to accept the offer”
synonyms: disposed, minded, of a mind, willing, ready, prepared, predisposed
Seldom
not often; rarely.
“Islay is seldom visited by tourists”
synonyms: once in a blue moon
Brass
a yellow alloy of copper and zinc.
“a brass plate on the door”
Spherical
shaped like a sphere.
“spherical pearls”
synonyms: globate, globose, globoid, orbicular, orbiculate
Rectangular
denoting or shaped like a rectangle.
“a neat rectangular area”
Spiral
winding in a continuous and gradually widening (or tightening) curve, either around a central point on a flat plane or about an axis so as to form a cone.
“a spiral pattern”
Wobbly
tending to move unsteadily from side to side.
“the car had a wobbly wheel”
synonyms: unsteady, unstable, shaky, rocky, rickety, flimsy, frail, spindly, unsafe
Ripped
(of clothes or fabric) badly torn.
“a pair of faded, ripped jeans”
Snapped
break or cause to break suddenly and completely, typically with a sharp cracking sound.
“guitar strings kept snapping”
synonyms: break, break in/into two, fracture, splinter, separate, come apart, part, split, crack
Jammed
squeeze or pack tightly into a specified space.
“four of us were jammed in one compartment”
synonyms: crowd, pack, pile, press, squeeze, cram, throng, occupy, fill
Hurdle
one of a series of upright frames over which athletes in a race must jump.
“a hurdle race”
Invigorate
give strength or energy to.
“the shower had invigorated her”
synonyms: revitalizing, energizing, refreshing, reviving, vivifying, bracing, rejuvenating, enlivening, restorative
Oppressive
unjustly inflicting hardship and constraint, especially on a minority or other subordinate group.
“an oppressive dictatorship”
synonyms: harsh, cruel, brutal, repressive, crushing, tyrannical, tyrannous, iron-fisted, domineering
Incident
an event or occurrence.
“several amusing incidents”
synonyms: event, occurrence, occasion, episode, experience, happening, proceeding, eventuality, affair
Humbling
lower (someone) in dignity or importance.
“I knew he had humbled himself to ask for my help”
synonyms: humiliate, abase, demean, belittle, lower, degrade, debase, bring down, bring low
Digressing
leave the main subject temporarily in speech or writing.
“I have digressed a little from my original plan”
synonyms: divagate
Rustic
relating to the countryside; rural
Idyll
an extremely happy, peaceful, or picturesque episode or scene, typically an idealized or unsustainable one.
“the rural idyll remains strongly evocative in most industrialized societies”
synonyms: perfect time, ideal time, wonderful time, moment of bliss, honeymoon, paradise, heaven, heaven on earth, utopia
Rigid
unable to bend or be forced out of shape; not flexible.
“a seat of rigid orange plastic”
synonyms: stiff, hard, firm, inflexible, nonflexible, unbending, unyielding, inelastic, taut
Hail
pellets of frozen rain which fall in showers from cumulonimbus clouds.
“rain and hail bounced on the tiled roof”
synonyms: frozen rain, hailstones, sleet, precipitation, hailstorm, hail shower
Vaguely
in a way that is uncertain, indefinite or unclear; roughly.
“he vaguely remembered talking to her once”
synonyms: pretty mucus
Vividly
in a way that produces powerful feelings or strong, clear images in the mind.
“Margaret remembers vividly the day she received the grim news”
Intuition
the ability to understand something immediately, without the need for conscious reasoning.
“we shall allow our intuition to guide us”
synonyms: instinct, intuitiveness, sixth sense, divination, clairvoyance, second sight, ESP (extrasensory perception)
Abbreviation
a shortened form of a word or phrase.
“SKU is the abbreviation for Stock Keeping Unit”
synonyms: shortened form, short form, contraction, elision, acronym, initialism, symbol, diminutive
Accuse
charge (someone) with an offense or crime.
“he was accused of murdering his wife’s lover”
synonyms: inculpate
Adequate
satisfactory or acceptable in quality or quantity.
“this office is perfectly adequate for my needs”
synonyms: up to scratch
Admiration
respect and warm approval.
“their admiration for each other was genuine”
synonyms: laudation
Afford
have enough money to pay for.
“the best that I could afford was a first-floor room”
synonyms: pay for, bear/meet the expense of, spare the price of, have the money for, be rich enough for, have the wherewithal for, run to, stretch to, manage
Aggression
hostile or violent behavior or attitudes toward another; readiness to attack or confront.
“his chin was jutting with aggression”
synonyms: hostility, aggressiveness, belligerence, bellicosity, antagonism, truculence, pugnacity, pugnaciousness, combativeness
Arrogance
the quality of being arrogant.
“the arrogance of this man is astounding”
synonyms: haughtiness, conceit, hubris, self-importance, egotism, sense of superiority, pomposity, high-handedness, swagger
Bruised
(of a person or body part) having a bruise or bruises.
“a bruised knee”
Collide
hit with force when moving.
“she collided with someone”
synonyms: crash (into), come into collision (with), bang (into), slam (into), impact (with), hit, strike, run into, meet head-on
Commentator
a person who comments on events or on a text.
“commentators noted that the demonstration was part of a wider strategy”
synonyms: scholiast
Defendant
an individual, company, or institution sued or accused in a court of law.
“the defendant tried to claim that it was self-defense”
synonyms: accused, prisoner at the bar, appellant, litigant, respondent, suspect, suspected person
Detest
dislike intensely.
“of all birds the carrion crow is the most detested by gamekeepers”
synonyms: abhor, hate, loathe, despise, abominate, execrate, regard with disgust, feel disgust for, feel repugnance toward
Gist
the substance or essence of a speech or text.
“she noted the gist of each message”
synonyms: nitty-gritty
