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IELTS > Business And Media > Flashcards

Business And Media Flashcards

1
Q

Absurd

A

wildly unreasonable, illogical, or inappropriate.
“the allegations are patently absurd”
synonyms: preposterous, ridiculous, ludicrous, farcical, laughable, risible, idiotic, stupid, foolish

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2
Q

Bizarre

A

very strange or unusual, especially so as to cause interest or amusement.
“her bizarre dresses and outrageous hairdos”
synonyms: weird, wacky, oddball, way out, freaky, off the wall, rum, wacko, bizarro

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3
Q

Distressing

A

causing anxiety, sorrow or pain; upsetting.

“some very distressing news”

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4
Q

Dreadful

A

causing or involving great suffering, fear, or unhappiness; extremely bad or serious.
“there’s been a dreadful accident”
synonyms: terrific

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5
Q

Upsetting

A

causing unhappiness, disappointment, or worry.

“a painful and upsetting divorce”

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6
Q

Marvellous

A

causing great wonder; extraordinary.
“marvelous technological toys”
synonyms: amazing, astounding, astonishing, awesome, breathtaking, sensational, remarkable, spectacular, stupendous

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7
Q

Sole trader

A

تاجر تنها

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8
Q

Liability

A

the state of being responsible for something, especially by law.
“the partners accept unlimited liability for any risks they undertake”
synonyms: accountability, responsibility, legal responsibility, answerability, incrimination, blame, blameworthiness, culpability, guilt

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9
Q

Capital

A

wealth in the form of money or other assets owned by a person or organization or available or contributed for a particular purpose such as starting a company or investing.
“rates of return on invested capital were high”
synonyms: dough, bread, loot, shekels, moolah, the necessary, wad, boodle, dibs

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10
Q

Fluctuation

A

an irregular rising and falling in number or amount; a variation.
“fluctuations in the yearly values could be caused by a variety of factors”
synonyms: variation, shift, change, alteration, swing, movement, oscillation, undulation, alternation

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11
Q

Supplier

A

a person or organization that provides something needed such as a product or service.
“every major energy supplier upped their prices”

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12
Q

Asset

A

a useful or valuable thing, person, or quality.
“quick reflexes were his chief asset”
synonyms: benefit, advantage, blessing, good point, strong point, strength, forte, talent, gift

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13
Q

Rival

A

a person or thing competing with another for the same objective or for superiority in the same field of activity.
“he has no serious rival for the job”
synonyms: competitor, opponent, contestant, contender, challenger, adversary, antagonist, enemy, foe

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14
Q

Reputation

A

the beliefs or opinions that are generally held about someone or something.
“his reputation was tarnished by allegations that he had taken bribes”

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15
Q

Diversify

A

make or become more diverse or varied.

“the trilobites diversified into a great number of species”

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16
Q

Innovative

A

make changes in something established, especially by introducing new methods, ideas, or products.
“the company’s failure to diversify and innovate competitively”

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17
Q

Forecast

A

predict or estimate (a future event or trend).
“rain is forecast for eastern Ohio”
synonyms: predict, prophesy, prognosticate, augur, divine, foretell, foresee, forewarn, guess

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18
Q

Revenue

A

income, especially when of a company or organization and of a substantial nature.
“traders have lost $10,000 in revenue since the traffic scheme was implemented”
synonyms: income, takings, receipts, proceeds, earnings, profit, profits, returns, return

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19
Q

Thrive

A

(of a child, animal, or plant) grow or develop well or vigorously.
“the new baby thrived”

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20
Q

Restructure

A

organize differently.

“a plan to strengthen and restructure the department”

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21
Q

Audit

A

an official inspection of an individual’s or organization’s accounts, typically by an independent body.
“audits can’t be expected to detect every fraud”

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22
Q

Subsidiary

A

less important than but related or supplementary to something.
“many environmentalists argue that the cause of animal rights is subsidiary to that of protecting the environment”
synonyms: subordinate, secondary, ancillary, auxiliary, lesser, minor, subservient, supplementary, supplemental

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23
Q

Optimise

A

make the best or most effective use of (a situation, opportunity, or resource).
“to optimize viewing conditions, the microscope should be correctly adjusted”

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24
Q

Opt

A

make a choice from a range of possibilities.
“consumers will opt for low-priced goods”
synonyms: choose, select, pick, pick out, decide on, go for, settle on, plump for/on, single out

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25
Q

Cooperate

A

work jointly toward the same end.

“the leaders promised to cooperate in ending the civil war”

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26
Q

Incorporate

A

take in or contain (something) as part of a whole; include.
“he has incorporated in his proposals a large number of measures”
synonyms: embody, include, comprise, contain, embrace, build in, encompass

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27
Q

Stationary

A

not moving or not intended to be moved.
“a car collided with a stationary vehicle”
synonyms: motionless, parked, halted, stopped, immobilized, immobile, unmoving, still, static

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28
Q

Expenditure

A

the action of spending funds.
“the expenditure of taxpayers’ money”
synonyms: spending, paying out, outlay, disbursement, doling out, lavishing, squandering, waste, wasting

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29
Q

Predecessor

A

a person who held a job or office before the current holder.
“the new President’s foreign policy is very similar to that of his predecessor”
synonyms: former/previous holder of the post, forerunner, precursor, antecedent

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30
Q

Correlation

A

a mutual relationship or connection between two or more things.
“research showed a clear correlation between recession and levels of property crime”
synonyms: connection, association, link, tie-in, tie-up, relation, relationship, interrelationship, interdependence

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31
Q

Debatable

A

open to discussion or argument.
“it is debatable whether the country is coming out of recession”
synonyms: controvertible, unseat list

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32
Q

Prominent

A

important; famous.
“she was a prominent member of the city council”
synonyms: important, well known, leading, eminent, preeminent, distinguished, notable, noteworthy, noted

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33
Q

Contentious

A

causing or likely to cause an argument; controversial.
“a contentious issue”
synonyms: controversial, disputable, debatable, disputed, contended, open to question/debate, moot, vexed, ambivalent

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34
Q

Versus

A

against (especially in sports and legal use).

“Penn versus Princeton”

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35
Q

Intensified

A

become or make more intense.
“the dispute began to intensify”
synonyms: escalate, step up, boost, increase, raise, sharpen, strengthen, augment, add to

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36
Q

Tendencies

A

an inclination toward a particular characteristic or type of behavior.
“for students, there is a tendency to socialize in the evenings”
synonyms: trend, movement, drift, swing, gravitation, orientation, bias, direction, course

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37
Q

Ratios

A

the quantitative relation between two amounts showing the number of times one value contains or is contained within the other.
“the ratio of men’s jobs to women’s is 8 to 1”
synonyms: proportion, comparative number/extent, quantitative relation, correlation, relationship, correspondence, balance, percentage, fraction

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38
Q

Proliferation

A

rapid increase in numbers.

“a continuing threat of nuclear proliferation”

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39
Q

Hierarchies

A 
a system or organization in which people or groups are ranked one above the other according to status or authority.
"the initiative was with those lower down in the hierarchy"
synonyms: pecking order, ranking, grading, ladder, social order, social stratum, social scale, class system
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40
Q

Drastically

A

in a way that is likely to have a strong or far-reaching effect.
“now her fortunes have changed drastically”

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41
Q

Utmost

A

most extreme; greatest.
“a matter of the utmost importance”
synonyms: greatest, maximum, greatest possible, highest, most, most extreme, greatest amount of, uttermost, maximal

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42
Q

Coupled

A

linked or connected in a pair or pairs.

“coupled images”

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43
Q

Outstrip

A

move faster than and overtake (someone else).
“during the morning warm-up, he once again outstripped the field”
synonyms: leave standing, walk away from

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44
Q

Affluent

A

(especially of a group or area) having a great deal of money; wealthy.
“the affluent societies of the western world”
synonyms: well heeled, rolling in it/money, in the money, made of money, filthy rich, stinking rich, loaded, flush, on easy street

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45
Q

Staggering

A

(especially of a group or area) having a great deal of money; wealthy.
“the affluent societies of the western world”
synonyms: well heeled, rolling in it/money, in the money, made of money, filthy rich, stinking rich, loaded, flush, on easy street

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46
Q

Merciless

A

showing no mercy or pity.
“a merciless attack with a blunt instrument”
synonyms: ruthless, remorseless, pitiless, unmerciful, unforgiving, uncharitable, unsparing, unpitying, implacable

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47
Q

Nosedive

A

a steep downward plunge by an aircraft.
“the pilot put the plane in a nosedive and ejected”
synonyms: dive, drop, plunge, descent, plummet

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48
Q

Unscathed

A

without suffering any injury, damage, or harm.
“I came through all those perils unscathed”
synonyms: scatheless

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49
Q

Steer

A

(of a person) guide or control the movement of (a vehicle, vessel, or aircraft), for example by turning a wheel or operating a rudder.
“he steered the boat slowly toward the busy quay”
synonyms: guide, direct, maneuver, navigate, pilot, drive, be in the driver’s seat of, be at the wheel of, con

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50
Q

Myth

A

a traditional story, especially one concerning the early history of a people or explaining some natural or social phenomenon, and typically involving supernatural beings or events.
“ancient Celtic myths”
synonyms: mythos, mythus

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51
Q

Broaden

A

become larger in distance from side to side; widen.
“her smile broadened”
synonyms: widen, become/make broader, become/make wider, expand, fill out, stretch (out), draw out, spread out, deepen

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52
Q

Pickled

A

(of food) preserved in vinegar or brine.

“pickled onions”

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53
Q

Agenda

A

a list of items to be discussed at a formal meeting.

“the question of nuclear weapons had been removed from the agenda”

54
Q

Decode

A

convert (a coded message) into intelligible language.
“he put down the phone and decoded the message”
synonyms: crack, figure out, twig, suss, suss out

55
Q

Convey

A

transport or carry to a place.
“pipes were laid to convey water to the house”
synonyms: transport, carry, bring, take, fetch, bear, move, ferry, shuttle

56
Q

Sneak

A

move or go in a furtive or stealthy manner.
“I sneaked out by the back exit”
synonyms: creep, slink, steal, slip, slide, sidle, edge, move furtively, tiptoe

57
Q

Intonation

A

the rise and fall of the voice in speaking.
“she spoke English with a German intonation”
synonyms: inflection, pitch, tone, timbre, cadence, cadency, lilt, rise and fall, modulation

58
Q

Innovative

A

(of a product, idea, etc.) featuring new methods; advanced and original.
“innovative designs”

59
Q

Fundraising

A

the seeking of financial support for a charity, cause, or other enterprise.
“a new development director in charge of fundraising”

60
Q

Medieval

A

relating to the Middle Ages.
“a medieval castle”
synonyms: of the Middle Ages, Middle Age, of the Dark Ages, Dark-Age, 11th to 14th century, 6th to 14th century, Gothic, early

61
Q

Rampart

A

a defensive wall of a castle or walled city, having a broad top with a walkway and typically a stone parapet.
“a castle with ramparts and a moat”
synonyms: defensive wall, embankment, earthwork, parapet, breastwork, battlement, stockade, palisade, bulwark

62
Q

Span

A

the full extent of something from end to end; the amount of space that something covers.
“a warehouse with a clear span of 28 feet”
synonyms: (full) extent, length, width, reach, stretch, spread, distance, compass, range

63
Q

Distorted

A

pulled or twisted out of shape; contorted

64
Q

Forensic

A

relating to or denoting the application of scientific methods and techniques to the investigation of crime.
“forensic evidence”

65
Q

Promenade

A

a paved public walk, typically one along a waterfront at a resort.
synonyms: prom

66
Q

Tenant

A

a person who occupies land or property rented from a landlord.
“council-house tenants”
synonyms: feodary

67
Q

Mingle

A

mix or cause to mix together.
“the sound of voices mingled with a scraping of chairs”
synonyms: admix, commix, interflow

68
Q

Brisk

A

active, fast, and energetic.
“a good brisk walk”
synonyms: busy, bustling, lively, active, vibrant, hectic, good

69
Q

Comprise

A

consist of; be made up of.
“the country comprises twenty states”
synonyms: comprehend

70
Q

Entities

A

a thing with distinct and independent existence.
“Church and empire were fused in a single entity”
synonyms: organization, institution, establishment, body, operation, structure, system, unit, whole

71
Q

Haphazard

A

lacking any obvious principle of organization.
“the kitchen drawers contained a haphazard collection of silver souvenir spoons”
synonyms: random, unplanned, unsystematic, unmethodical, disorganized, disorderly, irregular, indiscriminate, chaotic

72
Q

Incompetence

A

inability to do something successfully; ineptitude.
“allegations of professional incompetence”
synonyms: cack-handedness, ham-fistedness, uselessness, hopelessness

73
Q

Stirking

A

attracting attention by reason of being unusual, extreme, or prominent.
“the murder bore a striking similarity to an earlier shooting”
synonyms: noticeable, obvious, conspicuous, evident, salient, visible, distinct, prominent, marked

74
Q

Absenteeism

A

the practice of regularly staying away from work or school without good reason.
“high levels of absenteeism caused by low job motivation”

75
Q

Parallel

A

(of lines, planes, surfaces, or objects) side by side and having the same distance continuously between them.
“parallel lines never meet”
synonyms: side by side, aligned, collateral, equidistant

76
Q

Prescribe

A

(of a medical practitioner) advise and authorize the use of (a medicine or treatment) for someone, especially in writing.
“Dr. Greene prescribed magnesium sulfate”
synonyms: order, advise, authorize, direct

77
Q

Rehabilitation

A

the action of restoring someone to health or normal life through training and therapy after imprisonment, addiction, or illness.
“she underwent rehabilitation and was walking within three weeks”

78
Q

Undergo

A

experience or be subjected to (something, typically something unpleasant, painful, or arduous).
“the baby underwent a life-saving brain operation”
synonyms: wear

79
Q

Dogmatic

A

inclined to lay down principles as incontrovertibly true.
“he gives his opinion without trying to be dogmatic”
synonyms: opinionated, peremptory, assertive, imperative, insistent, emphatic, adamant, doctrinaire, authoritarian

80
Q

Dominant

A

most important, powerful, or influential.
“they are now in an even more dominant position in the market”
synonyms: pushful

81
Q

Durable

A

able to withstand wear, pressure, or damage; hard-wearing.
“porcelain enamel is strong and durable”
synonyms: lasting, long-lasting, long-lived, long-term, enduring, persisting, persistent, abiding, continuing

82
Q

Grind

A

reduce (something) to small particles or powder by crushing it.
“grind some black pepper over the salad”
synonyms: levigate, bray

83
Q

Spectrum

A

a band of colors, as seen in a rainbow, produced by separation of the components of light by their different degrees of refraction according to wavelength.

84
Q

Nuance

A

a subtle difference in or shade of meaning, expression, or sound.
“the nuances of facial expression and body language”
synonyms: fine distinction, subtle distinction/difference, shade, shading, gradation, variation, modulation, degree, subtlety

85
Q

Override

A

use one’s authority to reject or cancel (a decision, view, etc.).
“the legislature’s insistence on overriding his budget vetoes”
synonyms: disregard, pay no heed to, take no account of, close one’s mind to, turn a deaf ear to, discount, ignore, ride roughshod over, trample on

86
Q

Allocate

A

distribute (resources or duties) for a particular purpose.
“the authorities allocated 50,000 places to refugees”
synonyms: divvy up, dish out

87
Q

Barter

A

exchange (goods or services) for other goods or services without using money.
“he often bartered a meal for drawings”
synonyms: trade, swap, trade off, exchange, give in exchange, change, traffic, sell

88
Q

Compact

A

closely and neatly packed together; dense.
“a compact cluster of houses”
synonyms: dense, packed close, close-packed, tightly packed, pressed together, thick, tight, firm, solid

89
Q

Entomb

A

place (a dead body) in a tomb.
“mummified bodies were entombed in the pyramids of Egypt”
synonyms: place six feet under, plant

90
Q

Robust

A

strong and healthy; vigorous.
“the Caplans are a robust, healthy lot”
synonyms: strong, vigorous, sturdy, tough, powerful, powerfully built, solidly built, as strong as a horse/ox, muscular

91
Q

Silt

A

fine sand, clay, or other material carried by running water and deposited as a sediment, especially in a channel or harbor.
synonyms: clag

92
Q

Overhaul

A 
take apart (a piece of machinery or equipment) in order to examine it and repair it if necessary.
"a company that overhauls and repairs aircraft engines"
synonyms: service, maintain, repair, mend, fix up, patch up, rebuild, renovate, revamp
93
Q

Mediocrity

A

the quality or state of being mediocre.
“heroes rising above the mediocrity that surrounds them”
synonyms: ordinariness, commonplaceness, lack of inspiration, passableness, adequacy, indifference, inferiority, amateurism, amateurishness

94
Q

Pioneer

A

a person who is among the first to explore or settle a new country or area.
synonyms: settler, colonist, colonizer, frontiersman/frontierswoman, explorer, trailblazer, discoverer

95
Q

Unambiguous

A

not open to more than one interpretation.

“instructions should be unambiguous”

96
Q

Absorption

A

the process or action by which one thing absorbs or is absorbed by another.
“shock absorption”
synonyms: reduction, decrease, lessening, softening, deadening, cushioning, soaking up

97
Q

Bolster

A

a long, thick pillow that is placed under other pillows for support.
synonyms: pillow, cushion, pad, support, rest

98
Q

Culprit

A

a person who is responsible for a crime or other misdeed.

synonyms: miscreant

99
Q

Forage

A

(of a person or animal) search widely for food or provisions.
“gulls are equipped by nature to forage for food”

100
Q

Menace

A

a person or thing that is likely to cause harm; a threat or danger.
“a new initiative aimed at beating the menace of drugs”
synonyms: danger, peril, risk, hazard, threat, jeopardy, source of apprehension/dread/fright/fear/terror

101
Q

Infestation

A

the presence of an unusually large number of insects or animals in a place, typically so as to cause damage or disease.
“infestation with head lice is widespread”

102
Q

Vicinity

A

the area near or surrounding a particular place.
“the number of people living in the immediate vicinity was small”
synonyms: local

103
Q

Chiefly

A

above all; mainly.
“he is remembered chiefly for his sonatas”
synonyms: mainly, in the main, primarily, principally, predominantly, above all, mostly, for the most part, first and foremost

104
Q

Comet

A

a celestial object consisting of a nucleus of ice and dust and, when near the sun, a “tail” of gas and dust particles pointing away from the sun.

105
Q

Continuity

A

the unbroken and consistent existence or operation of something over a period of time.
“pension rights accruing through continuity of employment”
synonyms: continuousness, uninterruptedness, flow, progression

106
Q

Intrinsic

A

belonging naturally; essential.
“access to the arts is intrinsic to a high quality of life”
synonyms: inherent, innate, inborn, inbred, congenital, natural, native, constitutional, built-in

107
Q

Introspective

A

characterized by or given to introspection.
“he grew withdrawn and introspective”
synonyms: navel-gazing

108
Q

Hinder

A

create difficulties for (someone or something), resulting in delay or obstruction.
“various family stalemates were hindering communication”
synonyms: cumber, trammel

109
Q

Compete

A

strive to gain or win something by defeating or establishing superiority over others who are trying to do the same.
“universities are competing for applicants”
synonyms: contend, vie, fight, battle, clash, tussle, grapple, wrestle, wrangle

110
Q

Fragrant

A

having a pleasant or sweet smell.
“she gathered the fragrant blooms”
synonyms: redolent

111
Q

Wafting

A

pass or cause to pass easily or gently through or as if through the air.
“the smell of stale fat wafted out from the cafe”
synonyms: convey, transport, transmit, carry, bear, blow, puff

112
Q

Subtle

A

(especially of a change or distinction) so delicate or precise as to be difficult to analyze or describe.
“his language expresses rich and subtle meanings”
synonyms: fine, fine-drawn, ultra-fine, nice, overnice, minute, precise, narrow, tenuous

113
Q

Scent

A

a distinctive smell, especially one that is pleasant.
“the scent of freshly cut hay”
synonyms: smell, fragrance, aroma, perfume, redolence, savor, odor, whiff, bouquet

114
Q

Acrid

A

having an irritatingly strong and unpleasant taste or smell.
“acrid fumes”
synonyms: pungent, bitter, sharp, sour, tart, harsh, acid, acidic, acidulated

115
Q

Noxious

A

harmful, poisonous, or very unpleasant.
“they were overcome by the noxious fumes”
synonyms: miasmal, miasmic, nocuous, olid

116
Q

Odour

A

a distinctive smell, especially an unpleasant one.
“the odor of cigarette smoke”
synonyms: smell, scent, aroma, perfume, fragrance, bouquet, savor, nose, tang

117
Q

Stench

A

a strong and very unpleasant smell.
“the stench of rotting fish”
synonyms: stink, bad smell, foul smell, reek, miasma, effluvium

118
Q

Revolting

A

causing intense disgust; disgusting.

“there was a revolting smell that lingered in the air”

119
Q

Whiff

A

a smell that is only smelled briefly or faintly.
“I caught a whiff of peachy perfume”
synonyms: faint smell, brief smell, trace, sniff, scent, odor, aroma

120
Q

Continual

A

frequently recurring; always happening.
“his plane went down after continual attacks”
synonyms: more … than one can shake a stick at

121
Q

Swift

A

happening quickly or promptly.
“a remarkably swift recovery”
synonyms: spanking, nippy

122
Q

Prompt

A

(of an event or fact) cause or bring about (an action or feeling).
“his death has prompted an industry-wide investigation of safety violations”
synonyms: give rise to, bring about, cause, occasion, result in, lead to, elicit, produce, bring on

123
Q

Hasty

A

done or acting with excessive speed or urgency; hurried.
“a hasty attempt to defuse the situation”
synonyms: rash, impetuous, impulsive, reckless, precipitate, precipitous, incautious, imprudent, spur-of-the-moment

124
Q

Breakneck

A

dangerously or extremely fast.
“he drove at breakneck speed”
synonyms: dangerously fast, at full speed, at full tilt, at full pelt, flat out, as fast as one’s legs can carry one, ventre à terre

125
Q

Standstill

A

a situation or condition in which there is no movement or activity at all.
“the traffic came to a standstill”
synonyms: halt, stop, dead stop, stand

126
Q

Astray

A

move away aimlessly from a group or from the right course or place.
“dog owners are urged not to allow their dogs to stray”
synonyms: divagate

127
Q

Plead

A

make an emotional appeal.
““Don’t go,” she pleaded”
synonyms: obsecrate

128
Q

Strode

A

walk with long, decisive steps in a specified direction.
“he strode across the road”
synonyms: march, stalk, pace, tread, step, walk

129
Q

Tabloid

A

a newspaper having pages half the size of those of a standard newspaper, typically popular in style and dominated by headlines, photographs, and sensational stories.
“the tabloid press”

130
Q

Intrusion

A

the action of intruding.
“he was furious about this intrusion into his private life”
synonyms: encroachment on, trespass on, obtrusion into, invasion of, incursion into, violation of, interruption of, intervention in, interference with

131
Q

Scandal

A

an action or event regarded as morally or legally wrong and causing general public outrage.
“a bribery scandal involving one of his key supporters”
synonyms: outrageous wrongdoing, outrageous behavior, immoral behavior, unethical behavior, discreditable behavior, shocking incident/series of events, impropriety, misconduct, wrongdoing

IELTS (9 decks)

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