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IELTS > Sience And Energy > Flashcards

Sience And Energy Flashcards

1
Q

Substance

A

a particular kind of matter with uniform properties.
“a steel tube coated with a waxy substance”
synonyms: material, matter, stuff, medium, fabric

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2
Q

Insulate

A

protect (something) by interposing material that prevents the loss of heat or the intrusion of sound.
“the room was heavily insulated against all outside noise”
synonyms: lap

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3
Q

Detractors

A

a person who disparages someone or something.
“the island, say its detractors, has been devoured by development”
synonyms: critic, disparager, denigrator, deprecator, belittler, attacker, censurer, fault-finder, carper

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4
Q

Harnessing

A

put a harness on (a horse or other draft animal).
“how to groom a horse and harness it”
synonyms: hitch up, put something in harness, saddle, yoke, couple

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5
Q

Tutorial

A

relating to a tutor or a tutor’s instruction.

“tutorial sessions”

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6
Q

Accomplished

A

highly trained or skilled.
“an accomplished pianist”
synonyms: expert, skilled, skillful, masterly, virtuoso, master, consummate, proficient, talented

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7
Q

Ostentatious

A

characterized by vulgar or pretentious display; designed to impress or attract notice.
“books that people buy and display ostentatiously but never actually finish”
synonyms: flash, flashy, fancy-pants, over the top, OTT, bling, glitzy, ritzy, swanky

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8
Q

Expressive

A

effectively conveying thought or feeling.
“she has big expressive eyes”
synonyms: emotional, full of emotion/feeling, indicating emotion/feeling, passionate, intense, deeply felt, poignant, moving, stirring

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9
Q

Impartial

A

treating all rivals or disputants equally; fair and just.
“independent and impartial advice”
synonyms: unbiased, unprejudiced, neutral, nonpartisan, nondiscriminatory, anti-discrimination, disinterested, uninvolved, uncommitted

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10
Q

Mandatory

A

required by law or rules; compulsory.
“wearing helmets was made mandatory for cyclists”
synonyms: obligatory, compulsory, binding, required, inescapable, unavoidable, requisite, necessary, essential

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11
Q

Requisite

A

made necessary by particular circumstances or regulations.
“the application will not be processed until the requisite fee is paid”
synonyms: necessary, required, prerequisite, essential, indispensable, vital, needed, needful, compulsory

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12
Q

Imperative

A

of vital importance; crucial.
“immediate action was imperative”
synonyms: vitally important, of vital importance, all-important, vital, crucial, critical, essential, of the essence, a matter of life and death

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13
Q

Botany

A

the scientific study of plants, including their physiology, structure, genetics, ecology, distribution, classification, and economic importance.

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14
Q

Acoustic

A

the properties or qualities of a room or building that determine how sound is transmitted in it.
“Symphony Hall has perfect acoustics”

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15
Q

Cartography

A

the science or practice of drawing maps.

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16
Q

Ecology

A

the branch of biology that deals with the relations of organisms to one another and to their physical surroundings.

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17
Q

Conquering

A

overcome and take control of (a place or people) by use of military force.
“the Magyars conquered Hungary in the Middle Ages”
synonyms: seize, take possession of, take control of, take over, appropriate, subjugate, capture, occupy, invade

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18
Q

Credibility

A

the quality of being trusted and believed in.
“the very public loss of credibility led to the demise of the magazine as a prestigious publication”
synonyms: trustworthiness, reliability, dependability, integrity, character, reputation, standing, status, cachet

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19
Q

Binocular

A

adapted for or using both eyes.

“a binocular microscope”

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20
Q

Corrode

A

destroy or damage (metal, stone, or other materials) slowly by chemical action.
“acid rain poisons fish and corrodes buildings”
synonyms: wear away, wear down, eat away (at), gnaw away (at), bite into, burn into, burn through, erode, abrade

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21
Q

Conductivity

A

the degree to which a specified material conducts electricity, calculated as the ratio of the current density in the material to the electric field that causes the flow of current. It is the reciprocal of the resistivity.

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22
Q

Compound

A

a thing that is composed of two or more separate elements; a mixture.
“the air smelled like a compound of diesel and gasoline fumes”
synonyms: mash-up

23
Q

Overdraft

A

a deficit in a bank account caused by drawing more money than the account holds.
“when I left Cambridge I had a $900 overdraft”

24
Q

Handicap

A

a circumstance that makes progress or success difficult.
“a criminal conviction is a handicap and a label that may stick forever”
synonyms: trammel

25
Q

Stumbling

A

tripping or losing one’s balance while walking; moving with difficulty.
“they began their stumbling walk home”

26
Q

Axle

A

a rod or spindle (either fixed or rotating) passing through the center of a wheel or group of wheels.
“axle grease”
synonyms: shaft, spindle, rod, arbor, pin, pivot, mandrel

27
Q

Patently

A

clearly; without doubt.

“these claims were patently false”

28
Q

Distillation

A

the action of purifying a liquid by a process of heating and cooling.
“the petroleum distillation process”
synonyms: pressing, squeezing, extraction, extracting, drawing out, concentration, condensation, reduction

29
Q

Sprouts

A

(of a plant) put forth shoots.
“the weeds begin to sprout”
synonyms: germinate, put forth shoots, bud

30
Q

Fragile

A

(of an object) easily broken or damaged.
“fragile items such as glass and china”
synonyms: breakable, easily broken, brittle, frangible, smashable, splintery, flimsy, weak, frail

31
Q

Sapling

A

a young tree, especially one with a slender trunk.

32
Q

Rust

A

a reddish- or yellowish-brown flaky coating of iron oxide that is formed on iron or steel by oxidation, especially in the presence of moisture.
“paint protects your car from rust”

33
Q

Humble

A

having or showing a modest or low estimate of one’s own importance.
“he was humble about his stature as one of rock history’s most influential guitarists”
synonyms: meek, deferential, respectful, submissive, self-effacing, unassertive, unpresuming, modest, unassuming

34
Q

Fungus

A

any of a group of spore-producing organisms feeding on organic matter, including molds, yeast, mushrooms, and toadstools.
“truffles are fungi but not mushrooms”
synonyms: mycelium, saprophyte

35
Q

Appraise

A

assess the value or quality of.
“she stealthily appraised him in a pocket mirror”
synonyms: assess, evaluate, estimate, judge, rate, gauge, sum up, review, consider

36
Q

Endorse

A

declare one’s public approval or support of.

“the report was endorsed by the college”

37
Q

Condone

A

accept and allow (behavior that is considered morally wrong or offensive) to continue.
“the college cannot condone any behavior that involves illicit drugs”
synonyms: deliberately ignore, not take into consideration, disregard, take no notice of, take no account of, accept, allow, make allowances for, let pass

38
Q

Condemn

A

express complete disapproval of, typically in public; censure.
“fair-minded people declined to condemn her on mere suspicion”
synonyms: slash, reprobate

39
Q

Impelled

A

drive, force, or urge (someone) to do something.
“financial difficulties impelled him to desperate measures”
synonyms: force, compel, constrain, oblige, necessitate, require, demand, make, urge

40
Q

Celestial

A

positioned in or relating to the sky, or outer space as observed in astronomy.
“a celestial body”
synonyms: (in) space, heavenly, astronomical, extraterrestrial, stellar, planetary, in the sky, in the heavens

41
Q

Stigma

A

a mark of disgrace associated with a particular circumstance, quality, or person.
“the stigma of having gone to prison will always be with me”
synonyms: smirch

42
Q

Frontier

A

a line or border separating two countries.
“international crime knows no frontiers”
synonyms: border, boundary, partition, borderline, dividing line, bounding line, demarcation line, perimeter, limit

43
Q

Rubble

A

waste or rough fragments of stone, brick, concrete, etc., especially as the debris from the demolition of buildings.
“two buildings collapsed, trapping scores of people in the rubble”
synonyms: debris, remains, ruins, wreckage, broken bricks

44
Q

Repercussion

A

an unintended consequence occurring some time after an event or action, especially an unwelcome one.
“the move would have grave repercussions for the entire region”
synonyms: consequence, result, effect, outcome, byproduct, reverberation, backlash, ripple, shock wave

45
Q

Consistency

A

conformity in the application of something, typically that which is necessary for the sake of logic, accuracy, or fairness.
“the grading system is to be streamlined to ensure greater consistency”
synonyms: evenness, steadiness, stability, constancy, regularity, uniformity, equilibrium, unity, orderliness

46
Q

Novelty

A

the quality of being new, original, or unusual.
“the novelty of being a married woman wore off”
synonyms: originality, newness, freshness, unconventionality, unfamiliarity, unusualness, difference, imaginativeness, creativity

47
Q

Preserve

A

maintain (something) in its original or existing state.
“all records of the past were zealously preserved”
synonyms: conserve, protect, maintain, care for, take care of, look after, save, safeguard, keep

48
Q

Extensive

A

covering or affecting a large area.
“an extensive garden”
synonyms: large, large-scale, sizeable, substantial, considerable, ample, great, huge, vast

49
Q

Voyage

A

a long journey involving travel by sea or in space.
“writing a biography is a voyage of discovery”
synonyms: journey, trip, expedition, excursion, tour, hike, trek, tramp, safari

50
Q

Extent

A

the area covered by something.
“an enclosure ten acres in extent”
synonyms: area, size, expanse, length, stretch, range, scope, compass, proportions

51
Q

Sceptical

A

not easily convinced; having doubts or reservations.
“the public were deeply skeptical about some of the proposals”
synonyms: dubious, doubtful, having reservations, taking something with a pinch of salt, doubting, questioning, cynical, distrustful, mistrustful

52
Q

Promotion

A

activity that supports or provides active encouragement for the furtherance of a cause, venture, or aim.
“disease prevention and health promotion”
synonyms: boosterism

53
Q

Deception

A

the action of deceiving someone.

“obtaining property by deception”

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