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IELTS > Study And Work > Flashcards

Study And Work Flashcards

1
Q

Nursery school

A

a school for young children, mainly between the ages of three and five.

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2
Q

Primary school

A

دبستان

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3
Q

Invigilator

A

مراقب امتحان

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4
Q

Disqualify

A

pronounce (someone) ineligible for an office, activity, or competition because of an offense or infringement.
“he was disqualified from driving for six months”
synonyms: out of the running, ruled out, knocked out

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5
Q

Tutor

A

a private teacher, typically one who teaches a single student or a very small group.
“a voluntary tutor in adult literacy”
synonyms: teacher, instructor, educator, educationalist, educationist, academic, lecturer, don, coach

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6
Q

Debate

A

a formal discussion on a particular topic in a public meeting or legislative assembly, in which opposing arguments are put forward.
“last night’s debate on the Education Bill”
synonyms: velitation, contestation

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7
Q

Revision

A

the action of revising.
“the plan needs drastic revision”
synonyms: reconsideration, review, re-examination, reassessment, re-evaluation, reappraisal, rethinking, rethink, thinking over

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8
Q

Vacancy

A

an unoccupied position or job.
“a vacancy for a shorthand typist”
synonyms: berth

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9
Q

Sector

A

an area or portion that is distinct from others.
“operations in the southern sector of the North Sea”
synonyms: district, quarter, part, section, zone, precinct, borough, locality, neighborhood

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10
Q

Priest

A

an ordained minister of the Catholic, Orthodox, or Anglican Church having the authority to perform certain rites and administer certain sacraments.
“the priest celebrated mass at a small altar off the north transept”
synonyms: clergyman, clergywoman, minister (of religion), cleric, ecclesiastic, pastor, parson, churchman, churchwoman

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11
Q

Clerical

A

(of a job or person) concerned with or relating to work in an office, especially routine documentation and administrative tasks.
“temps are always needed for clerical work”
synonyms: office, desk, back-room, administrative, secretarial, writing, typing, keyboarding, filing

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12
Q

Allowance

A

the amount of something that is permitted, especially within a set of regulations or for a specified purpose.
“a seventy-five-pound baggage allowance”

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13
Q

Paternity

A

(especially in legal contexts) the state of being someone’s father.
“he refused to admit paternity of the child”
synonyms: fathership

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14
Q

Entitlement

A

the fact of having a right to something.
“full entitlement to fees and maintenance should be offered”
synonyms: right, prerogative, claim, title, license, permission, dispensation, privilege, liberty

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15
Q

Canteen

A

a restaurant provided by an organization such as a military camp, college, factory, or company for its soldiers, students, staff, etc.
synonyms: cafe de move-on

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16
Q

Accountable

A

(of a person, organization, or institution) required or expected to justify actions or decisions; responsible.
“parents could be held accountable for their children’s actions”
synonyms: answerable, responsible, reporting, subject, under the charge of, bound to obey, obeying, bound by

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17
Q

Insight

A

the capacity to gain an accurate and deep intuitive understanding of a person or thing.
“this paper is alive with sympathetic insight into Shakespeare”
synonyms: nous, horse sense, savvy

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18
Q

Solely

A

not involving anyone or anything else; only.
“he is solely responsible for any debts the company may incur”
synonyms: only, simply, just, merely, uniquely, exclusively, entirely, completely, absolutely

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19
Q

Encounter

A

unexpectedly experience or be faced with (something difficult or hostile).
“we have encountered one small problem”
synonyms: experience, come into contact with, run into, come across, come up against, face, be faced with, confront, be forced to contend with

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20
Q

Encroach

A

intrude on (a person’s territory or a thing considered to be a right).
“rather than encroach on his privacy she might have kept to her room”
synonyms: entrench on

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21
Q

Morale

A

the confidence, enthusiasm, and discipline of a person or group at a particular time.
“their morale was high”
synonyms: confidence, self-confidence, self-esteem, spirit, spirits, esprit de corps, team spirit, state of mind, heart

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22
Q

Foster

A

encourage or promote the development of (something, typically something regarded as good).
“the teacher’s task is to foster learning”
synonyms: encourage, promote, further, stimulate, advance, forward, cultivate, nurture, strengthen

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23
Q

Stifle

A

make (someone) unable to breathe properly; suffocate.
“those in the streets were stifled by the fumes”
synonyms: boiling

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24
Q

Enterprise

A

a project or undertaking, typically one that is difficult or requires effort.
“a joint enterprise between French and Japanese companies”
synonyms: undertaking, endeavor, venture, pursuit, exercise, activity, operation, exploit, mission

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25
Q

Initiative

A

the ability to assess and initiate things independently.
“use your initiative, imagination, and common sense”
synonyms: get-up-and-go, zing, push, pep, zip, punch, pizzazz

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26
Q

Imminent

A

about to happen.
“they were in imminent danger of being swept away”
synonyms: in the cards

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27
Q

Bid

A

offer (a certain price) for something, especially at an auction.
“a consortium of dealers bid a world record price for a snuff box”
synonyms: offer, make an offer of, put in a bid of, put up, tender, proffer, propose, submit, put forward

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28
Q

Backing

A

support or help.
“he accepted the backing of the police group”
synonyms: sponsorship, funding, financing, promotion, patronage, money, investment, funds, finance

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29
Q

Divided

A

split into parts; separated.

“the deputy came back, carrying a divided metal plate and a cup”

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30
Q

Clinch

A

confirm or settle (a contract or bargain).
“to clinch a business deal”
synonyms: sew up, wrap up, string, button up

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31
Q

Wind up

A

an act of concluding or finishing something.

“the windup of the convention”

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32
Q

Wriggle out

A

دست و پا کردن

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33
Q

Lure

A

tempt (a person or animal) to do something or to go somewhere, especially by offering some form of reward.
“the child was lured into a car but managed to escape”
synonyms: tempt, entice, attract, induce, coax, persuade, inveigle, allure, seduce

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34
Q

Entice

A

attract or tempt by offering pleasure or advantage.
“a show that should entice a new audience into the theater”
synonyms: tempting, alluring, attractive, appealing, fetching, inviting, glamorous, captivating, seductive

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35
Q

Settle

A

resolve or reach an agreement about (an argument or problem).
“every effort was made to settle the dispute”
synonyms: resolve, sort out, reach an agreement about, find a solution to, find an answer to, solve, clear up, bring to an end, fix

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36
Q

Soar

A

fly or rise high in the air.
“the bird spread its wings and soared into the air”
synonyms: fly up, wing, wing its way, take off, take flight, take to the air, ascend, climb, rise

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37
Q

Rally

A

(of troops) come together again in order to continue fighting after a defeat or dispersion.
“De Montfort’s troops rallied and drove back the king’s infantry”
synonyms: reassemble, regroup, re-form, reunite, gather together again, get together again, round up

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38
Q

Buoyant

A

able or apt to stay afloat or rise to the top of a liquid or gas.
synonyms: able to float, light, floating

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39
Q

Snap up

A

ضربه محکم و ناگهانی

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40
Q

Plummet

A

fall or drop straight down at high speed.
“a climber was killed when he plummeted 300 feet down an icy gully”
synonyms: plunge, fall headlong, hurtle, nosedive, dive, drop, crash, descend rapidly

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41
Q

Slump

A

sit, lean, or fall heavily and limply, especially with a bent back.
“she slumped against the cushions”
synonyms: plonk oneself, plop oneself

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42
Q

Slash

A

cut (something) with a violent sweeping movement, typically using a knife or sword.
“a tire was slashed on my car”
synonyms: rend

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43
Q

Wipe off

A

پاک کردن

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44
Q

Turmoil

A

a state of great disturbance, confusion, or uncertainty.
“the country was in turmoil”
synonyms: in confusion, in a whirl, at sixes and sevens, reeling, spinning, disorientated

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45
Q

Volatile

A

(of a substance) easily evaporated at normal temperatures.
“volatile solvents such as petroleum ether, hexane, and benzene”
synonyms: labile

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46
Q

Turbulence

A

violent or unsteady movement of air or water, or of some other fluid.
“the plane shuddered as it entered some turbulence”
synonyms: roughness, storminess, tempestuousness, heaviness, violence, wildness, choppiness, agitation

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47
Q

Contradicting

A

deny the truth of (a statement) by asserting the opposite.
“the survey appears to contradict the industry’s claims”
synonyms: deny, refute, rebut, dispute, counter, say the opposite of

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48
Q

Equity

A

the quality of being fair and impartial.
“equity of treatment”
synonyms: fairness, fair-mindedness, justness, justice, equitableness, fair play, impartiality, even-handedness, lack of discrimination/bias/prejudice/bigotry

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49
Q

Underpin

A

support (a building or other structure) from below by laying a solid foundation below ground level or by substituting stronger for weaker materials.

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50
Q

Corporate

A

relating to a corporation, especially a large company or group.
“airlines are very keen on their corporate identity”

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51
Q

Debt burden

A

بار بدهی

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52
Q

Yield

A

produce or provide (a natural, agricultural, or industrial product).
“the land yields grapes and tobacco”

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53
Q

Underlying

A

be a significant cause or basis of (something) even if not necessarily manifest or obvious.
“the fundamental issue that underlies the conflict”

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54
Q

Sum

A

a particular amount of money.
“they could not afford such a sum”
synonyms: amount of money, price, charge, fee, cost, tariff

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55
Q

Dry up

A

خشک شدن

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56
Q

mount up

A

سوار شدن

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57
Q

Thrifty

A

(of a person or their behavior) using money and other resources carefully and not wastefully.
“he had been brought up to be thrifty and careful”
synonyms: careful with money, provident, prudent, canny, economical, frugal, energy-efficient, energy-saving, fuel-efficient

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58
Q

Squander

A

waste (something, especially money or time) in a reckless and foolish manner.
“entrepreneurs squander their profits on expensive cars”
synonyms: waste, misspend, misuse, throw away, dissipate, fritter away, run through, lose, lavish

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59
Q

Subtract

A

take away (a number or amount) from another to calculate the difference.
“subtract 43 from 60”
synonyms: knock off, minus

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60
Q

Contingency

A

a future event or circumstance which is possible but cannot be predicted with certainty.
“a detailed contract that attempts to provide for all possible contingencies”
synonyms: eventuality, (chance) event, incident, happening, occurrence, juncture, possibility, accident, chance

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61
Q

Shortfall

A

a deficit of something required or expected.

“they are facing an expected $10 billion shortfall in revenue”

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62
Q

Bail out

A

an act of giving financial assistance to a failing business or economy to save it from collapse.

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63
Q

Jot down

A

یادداشت کردن

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64
Q

Ruthlessly

A

without pity or compassion for others.

“they fell prey to money lenders who ruthlessly exploited them”

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65
Q

Anticipate

A

پیش‌بینی

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66
Q

Delegate

A

a person sent or authorized to represent others, in particular an elected representative sent to a conference.
“congress delegates rejected the proposals”
synonyms: representative, envoy, emissary, commissioner, agent, deputy, commissary, spokesperson, spokesman

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67
Q

Rigorous

A

extremely thorough, exhaustive, or accurate.
“the rigorous testing of consumer products”
synonyms: nice, overnice, laborious

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68
Q

Inundated

A

overwhelm (someone) with things or people to be dealt with.
“we’ve been inundated with complaints from listeners”
synonyms: overwhelm, overpower, overburden, overrun, overload, swamp, bog down, besiege, snow under

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69
Q

Interminable

A

endless (often used hyperbolically).
“we got bogged down in interminable discussions”
synonyms: innumerous, unnumberable

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70
Q

Promptly

A

with little or no delay; immediately.
“he paid the fine promptly”
synonyms: quickly, swiftly, rapidly, speedily, fast, as soon as possible, ASAP, expeditiously, at once

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71
Q

Plague

A

a contagious bacterial disease characterized by fever and delirium, typically with the formation of buboes ( bubonic plague ) and sometimes infection of the lungs ( pneumonic plague ).
“an outbreak of plague”

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72
Q

Pile up

A

a crash involving several vehicles.

synonyms: smash-up, shunt, prang

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73
Q

Hectic

A

full of incessant or frantic activity.
“a hectic business schedule”
synonyms: heaving, like Piccadilly Circus

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74
Q

Neglect

A

fail to care for properly.
“the old churchyard has been sadly neglected”
synonyms: run down, derelict, dilapidated, tumbledown, ramshackle, untended, unmaintained, overgrown, uncultivated

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75
Q

Hum

A

make a low, steady continuous sound like that of a bee.
“the computers hummed”
synonyms: susurrate, bombinate

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76
Q

Sniff

A

draw in air audibly through the nose to detect a smell, to stop it from running, or to express contempt.
“his dog sniffed at my trousers”
synonyms: inhale, snuffle, breathe in, snuff (up)

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77
Q

Giggle

A

laugh lightly in a nervous, affected, or silly manner.
“they giggled at some private joke”
synonyms: titter, snigger, snicker, tee-hee, give a half-suppressed laugh, chuckle, chortle, smirk, sneer

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78
Q

Handover

A

تحویل دادن

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79
Q

Dispute

A

a disagreement, argument, or debate.
“a territorial dispute between the two countries”
synonyms: broil, miff

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80
Q

Halt

A

bring or come to an abrupt stop.
“there is growing pressure to halt the bloodshed”
synonyms: pull the plug on, put the kibosh one

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81
Q

Privatisation

A

the transfer of a business, industry, or service from public to private ownership and control.
“the workers are opposing the privatization of the national rail company”

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82
Q

Stake

A

a strong wooden or metal post with a point at one end, driven into the ground to support a tree, form part of a fence, act as a boundary mark, etc.
synonyms: palisade

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83
Q

Precedent

A

an earlier event or action that is regarded as an example or guide to be considered in subsequent similar circumstances.
“there are substantial precedents for using interactive media in training”
synonyms: model, exemplar, example, pattern, previous case, prior case, previous instance/example, prior instance/example, paradigm

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84
Q

Inclined

A

leaning or turning away from the vertical or horizontal; sloping.
“an inclined ramp”

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85
Q

Intervene

A

come between so as to prevent or alter a result or course of events.
“he acted outside his authority when he intervened in the dispute”
synonyms: intercede, involve oneself, get involved, interpose oneself, insinuate oneself, step in, cut in, mediate, arbitrate

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86
Q

Proactive

A

(of a person, policy, or action) creating or controlling a situation by causing something to happen rather than responding to it after it has happened.
“be proactive in identifying and preventing potential problems”
synonyms: enterprising, take-charge, energetic, driven, bold, dynamic, motivated, go-ahead

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87
Q

Prudent

A

acting with or showing care and thought for the future.
“no prudent money manager would authorize a loan without first knowing its purpose”
synonyms: thrifty, provident, economical, canny, sparing, frugal, abstemious, scrimping

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88
Q

Wise

A

having or showing experience, knowledge, and good judgment.
“she seems kind and wise”
synonyms: sage, sagacious, intelligent, clever, learned, with/showing great knowledge, knowledgeable, informed, enlightened

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89
Q

Procrastinate

A

delay or postpone action; put off doing something.
“it won’t be this price for long, so don’t procrastinate”
synonyms: delay, put off doing something, postpone action, defer action, be dilatory, use delaying tactics, stall, temporize, play for time

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90
Q

Dismiss

A

order or allow to leave; send away.
“she dismissed the taxi at the corner of the road”
synonyms: send away, let go, release, free, disband, disperse, dissolve, discharge, demobilize

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91
Q

Misconduct

A

unacceptable or improper behavior, especially by an employee or professional person.
“she was found guilty of professional misconduct by a disciplinary tribunal”
synonyms: misbehavior, bad behavior, misdeeds, misdemeanors, disorderly conduct, badness, mischief, naughtiness, rudeness

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92
Q

Menial

A

(of work) not requiring much skill and lacking prestige.
“menial factory jobs”
synonyms: unskilled, lowly, humble, low-grade, low-status, routine, humdrum, boring, dull

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93
Q

Errands

A

a short journey undertaken in order to deliver or collect something, especially on someone else’s behalf.
“she asked Tim to run an errand for her”
synonyms: task, job, chore, assignment, collection, delivery, shopping, trip, run

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94
Q

Sweated

A

exude sweat.
“he was sweating profusely”
synonyms: sudate

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95
Q

Turnover

A

the amount of money taken by a business in a particular period.
“a turnover approaching $4 million”
synonyms: (gross) revenue, income, yield, volume of business, business, sales

96
Q

Grasped

A

seize and hold firmly.
“she grasped the bottle”
synonyms: grip, clutch, clasp, hold, clench, lay hold of, catch, seize, grab

97
Q

Foregone

A

omit or decline to take (something pleasant or valuable); go without.
“she wanted to forgo the dessert and leave while they could”
synonyms: do without, go without, give up, waive, renounce, surrender, disavow, relinquish, part with

98
Q

Widespread

A

found or distributed over a large area or number of people.
“there was widespread support for the war”
synonyms: general, extensive, universal, common, global, worldwide, international, omnipresent, ubiquitous

99
Q

Conviction

A

a formal declaration that someone is guilty of a criminal offense, made by the verdict of a jury or the decision of a judge in a court of law.
“she had a previous conviction for a similar offense”
synonyms: declaration/pronouncement of guilt, sentence, judgment

100
Q

Harshly

A

in a manner that is unpleasantly rough or jarring to the senses.
“the offices are harshly lit by fluorescent lights”

101
Q

Laterally

A

at, toward, or from the side or sides; sideways.

“use slide steps to move laterally”

102
Q

Speculation

A

the forming of a theory or conjecture without firm evidence.
“there has been widespread speculation that he plans to quit”
synonyms: gamble, venture, risk, gambling, investment

103
Q

Allocating

A

distribute (resources or duties) for a particular purpose.
“the authorities allocated 50,000 places to refugees”
synonyms: divvy up, dish out

104
Q

Bracket

A

each of a pair of marks [ ] used to enclose words or figures so as to separate them from the context.
“symbols are given in brackets”
synonyms: parenthesis, brace, round bracket, square bracket, angle bracket, curly bracket

105
Q

Segment

A

each of the parts into which something is or may be divided.
“a large segment of the local population”
synonyms: subdivision, division, fraction, part, portion, section, constituent, element, unit

106
Q

Viral

A

of the nature of, caused by, or relating to a virus or viruses.
“a severe viral infection”

107
Q

Airtime

A

time during which a broadcast is being transmitted.

“advertising takes up half the airtime on that radio station”

108
Q

Survey

A

(of a person or their eyes) look carefully and thoroughly at (someone or something), especially so as to appraise them.
“her green eyes surveyed him coolly”
synonyms: behold

109
Q

Kick up

A

لگد زدن

110
Q

Fuss

A

a display of unnecessary or excessive excitement, activity, or interest.
“I don’t know what all the fuss is about”
synonyms: pother

111
Q

Agility

A

ability to move quickly and easily.

“though he was without formal training as dancer or athlete, his physical agility was inexhaustible”

112
Q

Wander

A

walk or move in a leisurely, casual, or aimless way.
“he wandered aimlessly through the narrow streets”
synonyms: peregrinate

113
Q

Exhaustive

A

examining, including, or considering all elements or aspects; fully comprehensive.
“she has undergone exhaustive tests since becoming ill”
synonyms: wall-to-wall

114
Q

Truant

A

a student who stays away from school without leave or explanation.
synonyms: skiver, wag

115
Q

Hypotheses

A

a supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation.
“professional astronomers attacked him for popularizing an unconfirmed hypothesis”
synonyms: theory, theorem, thesis, conjecture, supposition, speculation, postulation, postulate, proposition

116
Q

Critique

A

a detailed analysis and assessment of something, especially a literary, philosophical, or political theory.
“a critique of Marxist historicism”
synonyms: anatomization

117
Q

Rationale

A

a set of reasons or a logical basis for a course of action or a particular belief.
“he explained the rationale behind the change”
synonyms: reason(s), reasoning, thinking, (logical) basis, logic, grounds, sense, principle, theory

118
Q

Vigorous

A

strong, healthy, and full of energy.
“a tall, vigorous, and muscular man”
synonyms: robust, healthy, in good health, hale and hearty, strong, strong as an ox/horse/lion, sturdy, fine, fit

119
Q

Thrust

A

push (something or someone) suddenly or violently in the specified direction.
“she thrust her hands into her pockets”
synonyms: impose, force, foist, push, unload, inflict, obtrude, press, urge

120
Q

Critically

A

in a way that expresses disapproval.

“a designer spoke critically of capitalism”

121
Q

Tertiary

A

third in order or level.

“the tertiary stage of the disease”

122
Q

Handouts

A

something given free to a needy person or organization.
“hundreds of thousands of refugees subsist on international handouts”
synonyms: dole

123
Q

Preparation

A

the action or process of making ready or being made ready for use or consideration.
“the preparation of a draft contract”
synonyms: instruction, teaching, education, coaching, training, tutoring, pedagogy, andragogy, inculcation

124
Q

Bankrupt

A

(of a person or organization) declared in law unable to pay outstanding debts.
“his father went bankrupt and the family had to sell their home”
synonyms: insolvent, bankrupted, failed, ruined, wiped out, gone under, in debt, owing money, in the red

125
Q

Ceased

A

bring or come to an end.
“the hostilities had ceased and normal life was resumed”
synonyms: bring to an end, bring to a halt, bring to a stop, end, halt, stop, conclude, terminate, finish

126
Q

Groundbreaking

A

breaking new ground; innovative; pioneering.
“groundbreaking research into fertility problems”
synonyms: innovative, inventive, creative, disruptive, innovatory, innovational, seminal, original, new

127
Q

Concise

A

giving a lot of information clearly and in a few words; brief but comprehensive.
“a concise account of the country’s history”
synonyms: snappy

128
Q

Strenuously

A

in a way that requires great physical exertion.

“drink more if you’re exercising strenuously”

129
Q

Irrefutable

A

impossible to deny or disprove.
“irrefutable evidence”
synonyms: irrefragable, apodictic

130
Q

Tentative

A

not certain or fixed; provisional.
“a tentative conclusion”
synonyms: provisional, unconfirmed, unsettled, indefinite, penciled in, preliminary, to be confirmed, TBC, subject to confirmation

131
Q

Plagiarism

A

the practice of taking someone else’s work or ideas and passing them off as one’s own.
“there were accusations of plagiarism”
synonyms: copying, infringement of copyright, piracy, theft, stealing, poaching, appropriation

132
Q

Convincing

A

capable of causing someone to believe that something is true or real.
“there is no convincing evidence that advertising influences total alcohol consumption”
synonyms: cogent, persuasive, powerful, potent, strong, forceful, compelling, irresistible, telling

133
Q

Profoundly

A

to a profound extent; extremely.

“a profoundly disturbing experience”

134
Q

Blazer

A

a lightweight jacket, typically solid-colored, often worn as part of a uniform by members of a club, sports team, or school.

135
Q

Cardigan

A

a knitted sweater fastening down the front, typically with long sleeves.

136
Q

Pinafore

A

a sleeveless apron-like garment worn over a young girl’s dress, typically having ties or buttons at the back.

137
Q

Pumps

A

a woman’s plain, lightweight shoe that has a low-cut upper, no fastening, and typically a medium heel.

138
Q

Tracksuit

A

لباس ورزشی

139
Q

Compass

A

an instrument containing a magnetized pointer which shows the direction of magnetic north and bearings from it.
“walkers should be equipped with a map and compass”

140
Q

Protractor

A

an instrument for measuring angles, typically in the form of a flat semicircle marked with degrees along the curved edge.

141
Q

Lectern

A

a tall stand with a sloping top to hold a book or notes, from which someone, typically a preacher or lecturer, can read while standing up.

142
Q

Mainstream

A

the ideas, attitudes, or activities that are regarded as normal or conventional; the dominant trend in opinion, fashion, or the arts.
“companies that are bringing computers to the mainstream of American life”

143
Q

Grammar school

A

(in the UK) a state secondary school to which pupils are admitted on the basis of ability. Since 1965 most have been absorbed into the comprehensive school system.

144
Q

Cram

A

completely fill (a place or container) to the point that it appears to be overflowing.
“the ashtray by the bed was crammed with cigarette butts”
synonyms: stuff, pack, jam, fill, crowd, throng, overfill, fill up, fill to overflowing

145
Q

Autistic

A

a developmental disorder of variable severity that is characterized by difficulty in social interaction and communication and by restricted or repetitive patterns of thought and behavior.

146
Q

Howl

A

a long, loud, doleful cry uttered by an animal such as a dog or wolf.
synonyms: baying, bay, howling, crying, cry, yowl, yowling, bark, barking

147
Q

Contrary

A

opposite in nature, direction, or meaning.
“he ignored contrary advice and agreed on the deal”
synonyms: backasswards

148
Q

Diagnosis

A

the identification of the nature of an illness or other problem by examination of the symptoms.
“early diagnosis and treatment are essential”
synonyms: opinion, prognosis, judgment, verdict, pronouncement, conclusion, interpretation, solution, result

149
Q

Realisation

A

an act of becoming fully aware of something as a fact.
“there was a growing realization of the need to create common economic structures”
synonyms: awareness, understanding, comprehension, consciousness, apprehension, cognizance, appreciation, recognition, perception

150
Q

Devastating

A

highly destructive or damaging.
“a devastating cyclone struck Bangladesh”
synonyms: destructive, ruinous, disastrous, catastrophic, calamitous, cataclysmic, pernicious, noxious, harmful

151
Q

Hyphenated

A

write with a hyphen.

“a hyphenated surname”

152
Q

Dismay

A

consternation and distress, typically that caused by something unexpected.
“to his dismay, she left him”
synonyms: alarm, shock, surprise, consternation, concern, perturbation, disquiet, disquietude, discomposure

153
Q

Levy

A

impose (a tax, fee, or fine).
“a new tax could be levied on industry to pay for cleaning up contaminated land”
synonyms: mulct

154
Q

Inflation

A

the action of inflating something or the condition of being inflated.
“the inflation of a balloon”

155
Q

Borrowing

A

the action of borrowing something.

“the group had total borrowings of $570 million”

156
Q

Simplified

A

make (something) simpler or easier to do or understand.
“an overhaul of court procedure to simplify litigation”
synonyms: make simple/simpler, make easy/easier to understand/do, make plainer, clarify, make more comprehensible, make more intelligible, remove the complexities from, disentangle, untangle

157
Q

Implement

A

a tool, utensil, or other piece of equipment, especially as used for a particular purpose.
“agricultural implements”
synonyms: gizmo

158
Q

Fatally

A

with death as a result.

“21,000 soldiers died or were fatally wounded”

159
Q

Premises

A

a house or building, together with its land and outbuildings, occupied by a business or considered in an official context.
“business premises”
synonyms: building(s), property, site, establishment, office, place

160
Q

constituency

A

a body of voters in a specified area who elect a representative to a legislative body.
“the politician who wishes to remain in the good graces of his constituency”

161
Q

Reluctance

A

unwillingness or disinclination to do something.
“she sensed his reluctance to continue”
synonyms: disrelish

162
Q

Numeracy

A

the ability to understand and work with numbers.

“basic skills such as numeracy and literacy”

163
Q

Broadsheet

A

a large piece of paper printed on one side only with information; a broadside.
“I have sent you a broadsheet which surveys our campaigns”

164
Q

Lambasted

A

criticize (someone or something) harshly.
“they lambasted the report as a gross distortion of the truth”
synonyms: criticize, castigate, chastise, censure, condemn, take to task, harangue, attack, rail at

165
Q

Rebuke

A

express sharp disapproval or criticism of (someone) because of their behavior or actions.
“she had rebuked him for drinking too much”
synonyms: reprimand, reproach, scold, admonish, reprove, remonstrate with, chastise, chide, upbraid

166
Q

Echoed

A

(of a sound) be repeated or reverberate after the original sound has stopped.
“their footsteps echoed on the metal catwalks”

167
Q

Counterpart

A

a person or thing holding a position or performing a function that corresponds to that of another person or thing in another place.
“the minister held talks with his French counterpart”
synonyms: equivalent, opposite number, peer, equal, parallel, complement, match, twin, mate

168
Q

Notorious

A

famous or well known, typically for some bad quality or deed.
“Los Angeles is notorious for its smog”
synonyms: infamous, of ill repute, with a bad reputation/name, ill-famed, scandalous, well known, famous, famed, celebrated

169
Q

Rudimentary

A

involving or limited to basic principles.
“he received a rudimentary education”
synonyms: rudimental

170
Q

Readily

A

without hesitation or reluctance; willingly.
“he readily admits that the new car surpasses its predecessors”
synonyms: willingly, without hesitation, unhesitatingly, gladly, happily, cheerfully, with pleasure, with good grace, without reluctance

171
Q

entrepreneur

A

a person who organizes and operates a business or businesses, taking on greater than normal financial risks in order to do so.
“many entrepreneurs see potential in this market”
synonyms: wheeler-dealer, mogul, big shot, bigwig, whiz kid, mover and shaker, go-getter, high-flyer, hustler

172
Q

Inferior

A

lower in rank, status, or quality.
“schooling in inner-city areas was inferior to that in the rest of the country”
synonyms: lower in status, lesser, second-class, second-fiddle, minor, subservient, lowly, humble, menial

173
Q

Apprenticeship

A

the position of an apprentice.
“the company once offered apprenticeships”
synonyms: traineeship, training period, studentship, novitiate, initiation, probationary period, trial period

174
Q

Satellite

A

an artificial body placed in orbit around the earth or moon or another planet in order to collect information or for communication.
“a communications satellite”
synonyms: space station, space capsule, spacecraft, artificial satellite, communications satellite, weather satellite, television satellite, sputnik, COBE

175
Q

Literate

A

(of a person) able to read and write.
“their parents were uneducated and barely literate”
synonyms: able to read and write

176
Q

Symmetrical

A

made up of exactly similar parts facing each other or around an axis; showing symmetry.
“the shape of a hill, smooth and symmetrical”
synonyms: well balanced, balanced, well proportioned, proportional, in proportion, regular, even, harmonious

177
Q

Treason

A

the crime of betraying one’s country, especially by attempting to kill the sovereign or overthrow the government.
“they were convicted of treason”
synonyms: Punic faith

178
Q

Stratagem

A

a plan or scheme, especially one used to outwit an opponent or achieve an end.
“a series of devious stratagems”
synonyms: shift

179
Q

Miraculous

A

occurring through divine or supernatural intervention, or manifesting such power.
“a miraculous cure”
synonyms: supernatural, preternatural, superhuman, inexplicable, unaccountable, fantastic, magical, phenomenal, prodigious

180
Q

Anecdotal

A

(of an account) not necessarily true or reliable, because based on personal accounts rather than facts or research.
“while there was much anecdotal evidence there was little hard fact”
synonyms: informal, unreliable, based on hearsay, unscientific

181
Q

pragmatism

A

a pragmatic attitude or policy.

“ideology was tempered with pragmatism”

182
Q

Marginalised

A

(of a person, group, or concept) treated as insignificant or peripheral.
“members of marginalized cultural groups”

183
Q

Plethora

A

a large or excessive amount of (something).
“a plethora of committees and subcommittees”
synonyms: nimiety

184
Q

Ensemble

A

a group of musicians, actors, or dancers who perform together.
“a Bulgarian folk ensemble”
synonyms: group, band, orchestra, combo, company, troupe, cast, chorus, corps

185
Q

Respiratory

A

relating to or affecting respiration or the organs of respiration.
“respiratory disease”

186
Q

Primitive

A

relating to, denoting, or preserving the character of an early stage in the evolutionary or historical development of something.
“primitive mammals”
synonyms: ancient, earliest, first, prehistoric, antediluvian, antique, primordial, primeval, primal

187
Q

Subdivision

A

the action of subdividing or being subdivided.

188
Q

Aisle

A

a passage between rows of seats in a building such as a church or theater, an airplane, or a train.
“the musical had the audience dancing in the aisles”
synonyms: passage, passageway, corridor, gangway, walkway, path, lane, alley

189
Q

Intrigue

A

arouse the curiosity or interest of; fascinate.
“I was intrigued by your question”
synonyms: interesting, fascinating, absorbing, compelling, gripping, riveting, captivating, engaging, enthralling

190
Q

Reorientation

A

the action of changing the focus or direction of something.

“the only solution is the reorientation of our defense policy”

191
Q

Unifying

A

make or become united, uniform, or whole.
“the government hoped to centralize and unify the nation”
synonyms: unite, bring together, join (together), merge, fuse, amalgamate, coalesce, combine, blend

192
Q

Symbiosis

A

interaction between two different organisms living in close physical association, typically to the advantage of both.

193
Q

Studious

A

spending a lot of time studying or reading.
“he was quiet and studious”
synonyms: brainy, swotty

194
Q

Multiplication

A

the process or skill of multiplying.

“we need to use both multiplication and division to find the answers”

195
Q

Archeology

A

باستان شناسی

196
Q

Straightforward

A

uncomplicated and easy to do or understand.
“in a straightforward case no fees will be charged”
synonyms: uncomplicated, simple, easy, effortless, painless, undemanding, unexacting, elementary, plain sailing

197
Q

Broad

A

having an ample distance from side to side; wide.
“a broad staircase”
synonyms: wide, large, big

198
Q

Specialisation

A

the process of concentrating on and becoming expert in a particular subject or skill.
“the division and specialization of labor”

199
Q

Establish

A

set up (an organization, system, or set of rules) on a firm or permanent basis.
“the British established a rich trade with Portugal”
synonyms: set up, start, begin, get going, put in place, initiate, institute, form, found

200
Q

Take into account

A

Think about

201
Q

Assignment

A

a task or piece of work assigned to someone as part of a job or course of study.
“a homework assignment”
synonyms: task, piece of work, piece of business, job, duty, chore, charge, labor, function

202
Q

Conduct

A

the manner in which a person behaves, especially on a particular occasion or in a particular context.
“all three brothers were known for their disorderly conduct”
synonyms: behavior, way of behaving, performance, comportment, demeanor, bearing, deportment, actions, acts

203
Q

Approach

A

come near or nearer to (someone or something) in distance or time.
“the train approached the main line”
synonyms: proceed toward, come/go toward, advance toward, go near/nearer, come near/nearer, draw near/nearer, come close/closer, go close/closer, draw close/closer

start to deal with (something) in a certain way.
“one must approach the matter with caution”
synonyms: get cracking on

204
Q

Imitate

A

take or follow as a model.
“his style was imitated by many other writers”
synonyms: emulate, copy, take as a model, model oneself on, take as a pattern, pattern oneself on/after, follow the example of, take as an example, take as a role model

205
Q

Fond

A

having an affection or liking for.
“I’m very fond of Mike”
synonyms: into, hooked on, gone on, wild about, nuts about, crazy about, sweet on, struck on, potty about

206
Q

Memories

A

the faculty by which the mind stores and remembers information.
“I’ve a great memory for faces”

207
Q

Memorise

A

commit to memory; learn by heart.
“he memorized thousands of verses”
synonyms: con

208
Q

Ambitions

A

a strong desire to do or to achieve something, typically requiring determination and hard work.
“her ambition was to become a pilot”
synonyms: aspiration, intention, goal, aim, objective, object, purpose, intent, plan

209
Q

Ambition

A

a strong desire to do or to achieve something, typically requiring determination and hard work.
“her ambition was to become a pilot”
synonyms: aspiration, intention, goal, aim, objective, object, purpose, intent, plan

210
Q

Fulfilment

A

the achievement of something desired, promised, or predicted.
“winning the championship was the fulfillment of a childhood dream”

211
Q

Overlook

A

fail to notice (something).
“he seems to have overlooked one important fact”
synonyms: miss, fail to notice, fail to observe, fail to spot, fail to see, leave, leave unnoticed

have a view of from above.
“the chateau overlooks fields of corn and olive trees”
synonyms: have a view of, afford a view of, look over/across, look onto, look out on/over, face, front onto, give onto, give over

212
Q

Syllabus

A

an outline of the subjects in a course of study or teaching.
“there isn’t time to cover the syllabus”
synonyms: curriculum, course, course of study, program of study, educational program, course outline, timetable, schedule

213
Q

Evolved

A

develop gradually, especially from a simple to a more complex form.
“the company has evolved into a major chemical manufacturer”
synonyms: develop, progress, make progress, advance, move forward, make headway, mature, grow, open out

214
Q

Dialect

A

a particular form of a language which is peculiar to a specific region or social group.
“this novel is written in the dialect of Trinidad”
synonyms: regional language, local language, local tongue, local speech, local parlance, variety of language, vernacular, patois, nonstandard language

215
Q

Conclude

A

bring (something) to an end.
“they conclude their study with these words”
synonyms: put a period to

216
Q

Recap

A

state again as a summary; recapitulate.

“a way of recapping the story so far”

217
Q

Illustrate

A

provide (a book, newspaper, etc.) with pictures.
“the guide is illustrated with full-color photographs”
synonyms: with illustrations, with pictures, with drawings, with sketches, pictorial, decorated, adorned, ornamented, embellished

218
Q

Clarify

A

make (a statement or situation) less confused and more clearly comprehensible.
“the report managed to clarify the government’s position”
synonyms: make clear, shed light on, throw light on, elucidate, illuminate, make plain, make simple, simplify, explain

219
Q

Indicate

A

point out; show.
“dotted lines indicate the text’s margins”
synonyms: designate, specify, stipulate, show

220
Q

Signify

A

be an indication of.
“this decision signified a fundamental change in their priorities”
synonyms: betoken

221
Q

Stutter

A

talk with continued involuntary repetition of sounds, especially initial consonants.
“the child was stuttering in fright”
synonyms: fluff one’s lines

222
Q

Conjecture

A

an opinion or conclusion formed on the basis of incomplete information.
“conjectures about the newcomer were many and varied”
synonyms: guess, speculation, surmise, fancy, notion, belief, suspicion, presumption, assumption

223
Q

Connotation

A

an idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal or primary meaning.
“the word “discipline” has unhappy connotations of punishment and repression”
synonyms: overtone, undertone, undercurrent, implication, hidden meaning, secondary meaning, nuance, flavor, feeling

224
Q

Demonstrate

A

give a practical exhibition and explanation of (how a machine, skill, or craft works or is performed).
“computerized design methods will be demonstrated”
synonyms: give a demonstration of, show how something is done, show how something works, exhibit, display, show, illustrate, exemplify, give an idea of

225
Q

Imply

A

strongly suggest the truth or existence of (something not expressly stated).
“the salesmen who uses jargon to imply his superior knowledge”
synonyms: make out

226
Q

Propose

A 
put forward (an idea or plan) for consideration or discussion by others.
"he proposed a new nine-point peace plan"
synonyms: put forward, suggest, advance, offer, present, move, submit, prefer, file
227
Q

State

A

the particular condition that someone or something is in at a specific time.
“the state of the company’s finances”
synonyms: mood, humor, temper, disposition, spirits, morale, state of mind, emotional state, frame of mind

228
Q

Narrate

A

give a spoken or written account of.
“the voyages, festivities, and intrigues are narrated with unflagging gusto”
synonyms: tell, relate, recount, give an account of, unfold, set forth/out, describe, detail, sketch out

229
Q

Recount

A

tell someone about something; give an account of an event or experience.
“I recounted the tale to Steve”
synonyms: tell, relate, narrate, give an account of, describe, portray, depict, paint, unfold

230
Q

Emerge

A

move out of or away from something and come into view.
“black ravens emerged from the fog”
synonyms: come out, appear, come into view, become visible, make an appearance, turn up, spring up, come up, surface

231
Q

Distinguish

A

recognize or treat (someone or something) as different.
“the child is perfectly capable of distinguishing reality from fantasy”
synonyms: differentiate, tell apart, discriminate, discern, determine, pick out, tell the difference between, decide between, make/draw a distinction between

232
Q

Converse

A

engage in conversation.
“he fell in beside her and they began to converse amicably”
synonyms: talk, speak, chat, have a conversation, have a talk, have a discussion, discourse, confer, parley

233
Q

Adhere

A

stick fast to (a surface or substance).
“paint won’t adhere well to a greasy surface”
synonyms: stick, stick fast, cling, hold fast, cohere, bond, attach, be stuck, be fixed

234
Q

Accuracy

A

the quality or state of being correct or precise.
“we have confidence in the accuracy of the statistics”
synonyms: precision, carefulness, meticulousness

235
Q

Function

A

an activity or purpose natural to or intended for a person or thing.
“bridges perform the function of providing access across water”
synonyms: responsibility, duty, concern, province, aim, activity, assignment, obligation, charge

236
Q

Midwife

A

a person (typically a woman) trained to assist women in childbirth.

IELTS (9 decks)

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