Nature Flashcards
Revolve
move in a circle on a central axis.
“overhead, the fan revolved slowly”
synonyms: go around, turn around, rotate, spin, whirl, pirouette, wheel
Far fetched
unlikely and unconvincing; implausible.
“the theory sounded bizarre and far-fetched”
synonyms: improbable, unlikely, implausible, scarcely credible, difficult to believe, dubious, doubtful, unconvincing, incredible
Burst
(of a container) break suddenly and violently apart, spilling the contents, typically as a result of an impact or internal pressure.
“we inflated dozens of balloons and only one burst”
synonyms: go bang
Bank
the land alongside or sloping down to a river or lake.
“willows lined the bank”
synonyms: marge, bourn, skirt
Stream
a small, narrow river.
“a perfect trout stream”
synonyms: bourn
Tide
the alternate rising and falling of the sea, usually twice in each lunar day at a particular place, due to the attraction of the moon and sun.
“the changing patterns of the tides”
Capsize
(of a boat) overturn in the water.
“the craft capsized in heavy seas”
synonyms: overturn, turn over, turn upside down, upset, upend, knock over, flip over, tip over, topple over
Sink
go down below the surface of something, especially of a liquid; become submerged.
“he saw the coffin sink below the surface of the waves”
synonyms: become submerged, be engulfed, go down, drop, fall, descend, disappear, vanish
Pebble
a small stone made smooth and round by the action of water or sand.
“a narrow pebble beach”
Steep
(of a slope, flight of stairs, angle, ascent, etc.) rising or falling sharply; nearly perpendicular.
“she pushed the bike up the steep hill”
synonyms: precipitous, sheer, abrupt, sharp, perpendicular, vertical, bluff, vertiginous, dizzy
Clif
a steep rock face, especially at the edge of the sea.
“a path along the top of rugged cliffs”
synonyms: link
Harbour
a place on the coast where vessels may find shelter, especially one protected from rough water by piers, jetties, and other artificial structures.
“they enjoyed fishing in the harbor”
synonyms: port, dock, haven, marina, dockyard, boatyard, mooring, anchorage, roads
Horizon
the line at which the earth’s surface and the sky appear to meet.
“the sun rose above the horizon”
synonyms: skyline, range of vision, field of view, vista, views
Soaking
extremely wet; wet through.
“his jacket was soaking”
synonyms: drenched, soaked, soaked to the skin, like a drowned rat, wet through, soaked through, sodden, soggy, waterlogged
Drizzle
light rain falling in very fine drops.
“Boston will be cloudy with patchy drizzle”
synonyms: fine rain, Scotch mist, sprinkle of rain, light shower, spray, mizzle
Mild
not severe, serious, or harsh.
“he received a mild sentence”
synonyms: lenient, clement, light, compassionate, pitying, forgiving, merciful, forbearing, humanity
Muggy
(of the weather) unpleasantly warm and humid.
“it was a hot, very muggy evening”
synonyms: claggy
Gale
a very strong wind.
“it was almost blowing a gale”
synonyms: burster, buster
Pole
a long, slender, rounded piece of wood or metal, typically used with one end placed in the ground as a support for something.
“a tent pole”
synonyms: post, pillar, stanchion, standard, paling, pale, stake, stick, picket
Famine
extreme scarcity of food.
“drought could result in famine throughout the region”
synonyms: scarcity of food, food shortages, deprivation, want
Erupt
(of a volcano) become active and eject lava, ash, and gases.
“Mount Pinatubo began erupting in June”
synonyms: emit lava, belch lava, become active, flare up, eject/vent material, explode
Crops
a cultivated plant that is grown as food, especially a grain, fruit, or vegetable.
“the main crops were oats and barley”
Lava
hot molten or semifluid rock erupted from a volcano or fissure, or solid rock resulting from cooling of this.
“tablelands of lava”
Hurricane
a storm with a violent wind, in particular a tropical cyclone in the Caribbean.
“a powerful hurricane hit the Florida coast”
synonyms: cyclone, typhoon, tornado, storm, tropical storm, tempest, windstorm, superstorm, gale
Tidal wave
an exceptionally large ocean wave, especially one caused by an underwater earthquake or volcanic eruption.
Collapse
(of a structure) fall down or in; give way.
“the roof collapsed on top of me”
synonyms: cave in, fall in, subside, fall down, sag, slump, settle, give, give way
Evacuate
remove (someone) from a place of danger to a safer place.
“several families were evacuated from their homes”
synonyms: unpeople
Trap
a device or enclosure designed to catch and retain animals, typically by allowing entry but not exit or by catching hold of a part of the body.
“the squirrels ravaged the saplings, despite the baited traps”
Crucial
decisive or critical, especially in the success or failure of something.
“negotiations were at a crucial stage”
synonyms: pivotal, critical, key, climacteric, decisive, deciding, determining, settling, testing
Maintain
cause or enable (a condition or state of affairs) to continue.
“the need to maintain close links between industry and schools”
synonyms: continue, keep, keep going, keep up, keep alive, keep in existence, carry on, preserve, conserve
Sting
a small sharp-pointed organ at the end of the abdomen of bees, wasps, ants, and scorpions, capable of inflicting a painful or dangerous wound by injecting poison.
Goat
بز
Calf
گوساله
Amend
make minor changes in (a text) in order to make it fairer, more accurate, or more up-to-date.
“the rule was amended to apply only to nonmembers”
synonyms: revise, alter, change, modify, qualify, adapt, adjust, edit, copyedit
Adapt
make (something) suitable for a new use or purpose; modify.
“hospitals have had to be adapted for modern medical practice”
synonyms: modify, alter, make alterations to, change, adjust, make adjustments to, convert, transform, redesign
Assimilate
take in (information, ideas, or culture) and understand fully. "Marie tried to assimilate the week's events"
Revert
return to (a previous state, practice, topic, etc.). "he reverted to his native language" synonyms: return, go back, come back, change back, retrogress, regress, default, fall back into, relapse into
Restore
bring back (a previous right, practice, custom, or situation); reinstate.
“the government restored confidence in the housing market”
synonyms: reinstate, put back, replace, bring back, reinstitute, reimpose, reinstall, rehabilitate, re-establish
Reverse
move backward.
“the truck reversed into the back of a bus”
synonyms: back, go back/backwards, drive back/backwards, move back/backwards, send back/backwards, backpedal
Reform
make changes in (something, typically a social, political, or economic institution or practice) in order to improve it.
“an opportunity to reform and restructure an antiquated schooling model”
synonyms: improve, make better, better, ameliorate, refine, mend, rectify, correct, rehabilitate
Resist
withstand the action or effect of.
“antibodies help us to resist infection”
synonyms: withstand, be proof against, hold out against, combat, counter, weather, endure, outlast, repel
Enforce
compel observance of or compliance with (a law, rule, or obligation).
“the role of the police is to enforce the law”
synonyms: constrain
Impose
force (something unwelcome or unfamiliar) to be accepted or put in place.
“the decision was theirs and was not imposed on them by others”
synonyms: saddle someone with, land someone with, lumber someone with
Pursue
follow (someone or something) in order to catch or attack them.
“the officer pursued the van”
synonyms: go after, run after, follow, chase, give chase to, hunt, stalk, track, trail
Bring about
به وجود آوردن
Sweeping change
A big change that will have an important effect
Subtle
Not easy to notice or understand
Facilitate
Make an act or process easier to achieve
Ongoing
Continuing to development
Consultation
the action or process of formally consulting or discussing.
“they improved standards in consultation with consumer representatives”
synonyms: discussion, dialogue, discourse, debate, negotiation, conference, deliberation
Emit
produce and discharge (something, especially gas or radiation).
“coal-fired power stations continue to emit large quantities of sulfur dioxide”
synonyms: eruct
Consumption
the using up of a resource.
“industrialized countries should reduce their energy consumption”
synonyms: using up, use, utilization, expending, expenditure, depletion, exhaustion, waste, wasting
Appliance
a device or piece of equipment designed to perform a specific task, typically a domestic one.
“electrical and gas appliances”
synonyms: gizmo, mod con
Tumble dryer
خشککن
Landfill
a place to dispose of refuse and other waste material by burying it and covering it over with soil, especially as a method of filling in or extending usable land.
“landfill sites”
Venture
a risky or daring journey or undertaking.
“pioneering ventures into little-known waters”
Sustainable
able to be maintained at a certain rate or level.
“sustainable fusion reactions”
Habitat
the natural home or environment of an animal, plant, or other organism.
“wild chimps in their natural habitat”
synonyms: natural environment, natural element, natural territory, natural surroundings, natural terrain, home, domain, haunt
Deforestation
The act of cleaning forest
Endangered
(of a species) seriously at risk of extinction.
“legislation to protect endangered species”
Reserve
refrain from using or disposing of (something); retain for future use.
“roll out half the dough and reserve the other half”
synonyms: hang onto
In captivity
I’m zoo or park
In decline
در حال زوال
Breed
(of animals) mate and then produce offspring.
“toads are said to return to the pond of their birth to breed”
synonyms: beget offspring
Wipe out
an instance of complete destruction.
“a nuclear wipeout”
Die out
از بین رفتن
Verge
an edge or border.
“they came down to the verge of the lake”
synonyms: bourn, marge, skirt
Poaching
cook (an egg) without its shell in or over boiling water.
“a breakfast of poached egg and grilled bacon”
Poses
present or constitute (a problem, danger, or difficulty).
“the sheer number of visitors is posing a threat to the area”
synonyms: constitute, present, create, cause, produce, give rise to, lead to, result in
Sought after
in demand; generally desired.
“the most expensive and sought-after perfume”
Divert
cause (someone or something) to change course or turn from one direction to another.
“a scheme to divert water from the river to irrigate agricultural land”
synonyms: reroute, redirect, change the course of, draw away, turn aside, head off, deflect, avert, transfer
Likelihood
the state or fact of something’s being likely; probability.
“young people who can see no likelihood of finding employment”
synonyms: probability, chance, prospect, possibility, likeliness, odds, feasibility, plausibility, conceivability
Territory
an area of land under the jurisdiction of a ruler or state.
“the government was prepared to give up the nuclear weapons on its territory”
synonyms: demesne
Stethoscope
a medical instrument for listening to the action of someone’s heart or breathing, typically having a small disk-shaped resonator that is placed against the chest, and two tubes connected to earpieces.
Prone to
مستعد ابتلا
Eradicate
destroy completely; put an end to.
“this disease has been eradicated from the world”
synonyms: deracinate
Invasive
(especially of plants or a disease) tending to spread prolifically and undesirably or harmfully.
“patients suffering from invasive cancer”
Procedure
an established or official way of doing something.
“the police are now reviewing procedures”
synonyms: course of action, line of action, plan of action, policy, series of steps, plan, method, system, strategy
Transplant
move or transfer (something) to another place or situation, typically with some effort or upheaval.
“his endeavor to transplant people from Russia to the Argentine”
synonyms: transfer, transport, move, remove, shift, convey, displace, relocate, reposition
Chemotherapy
the treatment of disease by the use of chemical substances, especially the treatment of cancer by cytotoxic and other drugs.
Jargon
special words or expressions that are used by a particular profession or group and are difficult for others to understand.
“legal jargon”
synonyms: specialized language, technical language, slang, cant, idiom, argot, patter, patois, vernacular
Alongside
close to the side of; next to.
“she was sitting alongside him”
Flee
run away from a place or situation of danger.
“a man was shot twice as he fled from five masked youths”
synonyms: skip
Asylum
the protection granted by a nation to someone who has left their native country as a political refugee.
“she applied for asylum and was granted refugee status”
Ethnic
relating to a population subgroup (within a larger or dominant national or cultural group) with a common national or cultural tradition.
“leaders of ethnic communities”
synonyms: autochthonous
Be uprooted
pull (something, especially a tree or plant) out of the ground.
“the elephant’s trunk is powerful enough to uproot trees”
synonyms: pull up, root out, take out, rip out/up, tear up by the roots, grub out/up
Discrimination
the unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people or things, especially on the grounds of race, age, or sex.
“victims of racial discrimination”
synonyms: prejudice, bias, bigotry, intolerance, narrow-mindedness, unfairness, inequity, favoritism, one-sidedness
Animosity
strong hostility.
“he no longer felt any animosity toward her”
synonyms: disrelish
Integration
the action or process of integrating.
“economic and political integration”
synonyms: desegregation, inclusion
Accustomed
make (someone or something) accept something as normal or usual.
“I accustomed my eyes to the lenses”
synonyms: adapt, adjust, acclimatize, attune, habituate, accommodate, assimilate, acculturate, inure
Dam
a barrier constructed to hold back water and raise its level, forming a reservoir used to generate electricity or as a water supply.
“the dam burst after torrential rain”
synonyms: barrage, barrier, wall, embankment, levee, barricade, obstruction, hindrance, blockage
Lagoon
a stretch of salt water separated from the sea by a low sandbank or coral reef.
Reef
a ridge of jagged rock, coral, or sand just above or below the surface of the sea.
synonyms: shoal, bar, sandbar, sandbank, spit, ridge, ledge, shelf, atoll
Reservoir
a large natural or artificial lake used as a source of water supply.
synonyms: waterbody
Sandbank
a deposit of sand forming a shallow area in the sea or a river.
Seabed
the ground under the sea; the ocean floor.
Slit
a long, narrow cut or opening.
“make a slit in the stem under a bud”
synonyms: opening, gap, chink, space, crack, cranny, aperture, slot, peephole
Vapour
a substance diffused or suspended in the air, especially one normally liquid or solid.
“dense clouds of smoke and toxic vapor”
synonyms: haze, mist, spray, steam, water vapor, condensation, smoke, fumes, exhalation
Purification
the removal of contaminants from something.
“water purification”
Perspiration
the process of sweating.
“it causes perspiration and a rapid heartbeat”
Irrigation
the supply of water to land or crops to help growth, typically by means of channels.
“the river supplies water for irrigation of agricultural crops”
Immersion
the action of immersing someone or something in a liquid.
“his back was still raw from immersion in the icy Atlantic Ocean”
Precipitation
the action or process of precipitating a substance from a solution.
Simmer
(of water or food) stay just below the boiling point while being heated.
“the goulash was simmering slowly on the stove”
synonyms: seethe
Dunk
dip (bread or other food) into a drink or soup before eating it.
“she dunked a piece of bread into her coffee”
Saucer
a shallow dish, typically having a circular indentation in the center, on which a cup is placed.
Sip
drink (something) by taking small mouthfuls.
“I sat sipping coffee”
synonyms: drink slowly, drink, taste, sample
a small mouthful of liquid.
“she took a sip of the red wine”
synonyms: mouthful, swallow, drink, drop, dram, nip, taste
Stir
move a spoon or other implement around in (a liquid or other substance) in order to mix it thoroughly.
“stir the batter until it is just combined”
synonyms: mix, blend, agitate, beat, whip, whisk, fold in, muddle
Meanders
(of a river or road) follow a winding course.
“a river that meandered gently through a meadow”
synonyms: zigzag, wind, twist, turn, curve, curl, bend, snake
Pours
flow rapidly in a steady stream.
“water poured off the roof”
synonyms: gush out, spew out, spurt out, spout out, erupt, flow, issue, emerge, come out
Loops
a shape produced by a curve that bends around and crosses itself.
“make a loop in the twine”
synonyms: bend, curve, kink, arc
Seeped
(of a liquid) flow or leak slowly through porous material or small holes.
“water began to seep through the soles of his boots”
synonyms: ooze, trickle, exude, drip, dribble, flow, issue, discharge, excrete
