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DT > Timbers- Sources and Origins > Flashcards

Timbers- Sources and Origins Flashcards

1
Q

Trees are a………………

A

Primary Source

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2
Q

How much of the land is covered in forests

A

30%

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3
Q

Where do softwoods mainly come from

A

Cool northern parts of Europe, Canada and Russia

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4
Q

Where are hardwoods grown

A

Central Europe, West Africa and Central + South America

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5
Q

What is FSC

A

International organisation dedicated to promoting responsible management of world forests

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6
Q

What do FSC ensure

A

Forests are replanted once trees have been cut down , so an ethical and environmentally way

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7
Q

How long does softwood take to grow

A

30 years

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8
Q

How long do hardwood take to grow

A

80-100 years

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9
Q

Once felled the logs are transported to the………………where they are converted into usable planks

A

Saw mill

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10
Q

What is a baulk cut

A

Simples form of conversion

Trunk is cut into a square

This removes the bark and opens up the trunk

Lot of waste

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11
Q

What is a baulk cut used for

A

Beams in framed buildings

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12
Q

What are through and through cuts

A 
Most popular form of conversion 
Involves cutting trunk into planks
Simple and cost effective
Can lead to wrapping and twisting
Commonly used for softwoods
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13
Q

What is through and through cuts used for

A

General joinery purposes

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14
Q

What is a taginental cut

A

trunk is cut tagintelialy to the circular trunk

Produces an attractive gran pattern

Wood less likely to wrap or twist

Can be used for both HW and SW

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15
Q

What are tangental cuts used for

A

Furniture or where the grain is important

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16
Q

What is a quarter cut

A 
Complex mix of conversion
produces a lot of waste
Expensive
Big impact on environment
Trunk is cut radial from the centre
Generally used for expensive hardwoods
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17
Q

What are quarter cuts used for

A

High quality furniture

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18
Q

Newly converted timber contains a lot of………..and is known as green timber

A

Moisture

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19
Q

What does high water in timber mean

A

Wood difficult to saw or plane

Heavier to transport

Wrap and twist and split if left in this state. Also vunvrable to rotting and insect attack

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20
Q

How do you reduce the moisture content in timbers

A

Seasoning

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21
Q

What is air seasoning

A

Aim to reduce the moisture of the wood by letting air flow around it in a controlled way

Cost effective but takes a considerably longer time than kiln seasoning, it can take a year to season a 25mm thick plank of wood

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22
Q

How does air seasoning work

A

Planks are carefully stacked inside a building that has a roof but open on all sides

The roof will keep off the rain and snow but the open sids allow the air to circulate around the boards

The planks are separated by stickers and the stack of board is kept pff the floor by being placed on brick piers

As the air flows around the stack it will very slowly dry out the planks

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23
Q

What is kiln seasoning

A

Reduce the moisture content of the wood by gradually reducing the moisture content of steam that is fed into the kiln

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24
Q

How does kiln seasoning work

A

A stack of timber is mounted onto a trolley that is wheeled into a kiln

The kiln is fully enclosed and has steam fed into it

As the moisture content of the steam is reduced it dries the timber

This is significantly quicker than air seasoning

it is controllable but has a higher financial and environmental cost

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25
Q

Manufactured boards are……available

A

Readily

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26
Q

How are plywood and chipboard formed

A

Plywood and chipboard by glueing wood layers or wood fibres together

Often use waste wood

Plywood - gluing 3 or more veneers of wood together at 90 degree angles from the previous alter to increase strength

Chipboard- gluing wood chips together

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27
Q

How is MDF made

A

Competing wood particles and gluing them together

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28
Q

What is Aeroply wood

A

MDF - type that comes in thinner sheets

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29
Q

What does Brio use to manufacture their children’s toys

A

Beech

30
Q

What is chipboard used for

A

Flat pack furniture for it’s density perfect for CNC machining due to it’s lack of grain and it can have a decorated veneer added from protection from moisture as chipboard is impermeable

31
Q

Why is Brio made out of beech

A

Tight grain - can withstand getting dropped or chewed
Takes paint well

Tough
Durable

32
Q

Wood is………..which means it can absorb moisture which can affect it in various ways

A

Hygroscopic

33
Q

What can wood that is drying out do

A 
Wrap
Twist
Bow 
Cup
If the drying out process is not managed
34
Q

Wood that is venerable to moisture will be prone to….

A

Rot

35
Q

What is the best material for marking out wood

A

Soft lead pencil - nit score the surface

36
Q

the steel rule is more………and less likely to snap or break

A

Durable

37
Q

What is a try-square

A

Will produce an accurate 90˚ angle line and will improve the accuracy of your work when marking out

38
Q

Want is a hand saw used for

A

Cutting thick pieces of wood or large sheets

Cuts generally quickly but produces an coarse, rough edge

Not as accurate as a tenon saw

39
Q

What is a tenon saw used for

A

Commonly used saw in the workshop

Accurate straight lines

Smooth cut

40
Q

What is the coping saw used for

A

Cutting curves in wood

Cuts fine cuts but not easy to control and the blades are fin so easily broken, but the saw design mans that they can be easily replaced too.

41
Q

What is a surform or a rasp

A

Similar to a file but has much coarser teeth

42
Q

What is a wood plane

A

Slice thin shavings of wood

All panning should be done in the same direction as the grain of the surface will tear.

43
Q

What are the Jack planes used for

A

Used to flatten woods and smooth the edges

44
Q

A fornser buit will produce a ………., ……..hole with a ……..bottom

A

large
Clean
Flat

45
Q

Hole saw will produce a……hole but the finished hole will not be as clean and it will cut all the way through the material

A

Large

46
Q

What are temporary joints

A

Joints that can be taken part such as screws nuts and bolts

47
Q

What are permanent joints

A

Joints such as glued joints

48
Q

What is a carcase joint

A

e.g butt joint - easy to produce but not praticualy strong

49
Q

What are stool joints

A

These should be used to connect a leg rail such as stools, tables and chairs

50
Q

What is frame construction

A

Used to produce panels, door frames and window frames

Mortise and tendon joint might be used for greater strength

51
Q

What is PVA

A

Most popular wood working glue

Good amount of slip time and gives a very strong bond

Takes 24h to dry fully

52
Q

What is contact adhesive

A

provides an almost instant joint

Spread thinly over a wood

Not as strong as PVA

Irritant and highly flammable

53
Q

What are timber going components

A

Increase the strength of a structure or add functionality of a product

54
Q

What are wood screws used for

A

Join two pieces of timber together

Can be removed easily to dismantle parts

55
Q

What are wood screws usually made of

A

Steel coated in Zinc to prevent corrosion

56
Q

Hinges are used where a part needs to move in a…..

A

Arc

57
Q

What is a Butt hinge

A

Most widely used
Jewellery boxes
Used on doors but usually recessed into the wooden surface
Needs to be precisely aligned

58
Q

What is a Concealed Hinge

A

Used in kitchen and cabinet doors
Usually sprung so it can self close
Easy to adjust to help alignment of doors

59
Q

What is a Piano Hinge

A

Like a Butt Hinge but comes in one long length which can be cut to size

Used on lids such as a piano

60
Q

What is a Flush Hinge

A

Fitted between a door and a frame like a Butt Hinge but not usually recessed
Easier to fit
Looks less attractive

61
Q

What is a knock down fitting

A

Those that can be put together easily with a few basic tools

Often supplied with flat pack furniture

62
Q

What is a corner block

A

Simple way to join two boards together at 90˚

The block fits into the corner and 3 screws are drilled in

Easy to use but less attractive because they are very visible

63
Q

What is a Cam Lock

A

Stronger and more attractive way of joining a cabinet together

A leg is fitted into a hole at the end of the shelf

A cam is fitted into a larger hole and drilled into the surface of the shelf

As the cam is rotated, it grips and holds the cabinet against the shelf

64
Q

What is a Scan fitting

A

A way of joining two parts at 90˚
An aluminium barrel is fitted into a pre drilled hole in the side of the frame

Allan key then used

65
Q

What is a corner plate

A

Quick way to join a table leg to a frame

The plate is screwed not the two parts and pulls tight

66
Q

What shapes are timber generally supplied in

A

Planks
Boards
Strips
Squares

67
Q

Timber generally comes……………..straight from the saw mill but sometimes they are given a smooth surface

A

Rough sawn

68
Q

What is Planned All Round (PAR)

A

All the sides and edges are planned square, straight and level leaving a smooth finish

69
Q

What is Planned Both Sides (PBS)

A

Both sides are planed but not the edges they are left rough sawn

70
Q

What is Planed Square Edge (PSE)

A

Only one edge is planed accurately

71
Q

What is Rough Sawn

A

The wood has a rough surface provided by a circular ban saw although they are generally straight and level

72
Q

Planed timber is more………….

A

Expensive

DT (24 decks)

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