Metals, Sources and Origins Flashcards

1
Q

Most metals are found within the………………and is known as………

A

Earth’s crust

Ore

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2
Q

What ore does Aluminium come from

A

Bauxite - Australia

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3
Q

Are metals renewable

A

No

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4
Q

What process is ore taken out of the Earths crust

A

Mining

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5
Q

What is surface mining

A

Stripping away the Earth using large evacuation equipment to remove earth

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6
Q

Where does steel mainly come from

A

Hematite ores in Brazil

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7
Q

Once the metals have been extracted from the ground, how do they get extracted from the ore

A

Smelting - either by blast furnace or electrolysis

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8
Q

How is Iron extracted from Hematite

A

Extracted in a blast furnace. Crushed hematite are loaded into a main section of a blast furnace and heated to very hight temperatures

Manufacture of iron uses vas amounts of fossil fuel;s . Once the furnace reaches the right temperature, its cost effective to keep it going as long as possible

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9
Q

How is aluminium extracted

A

Electrolysis

Must be molten first so that ions can move

Aluminium has a very high melting point so very expensive

Instead it’s dissolved in a Aluminium compound s that it has a lower melting point

Reduces energy used

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10
Q

Give some factors to consider when selecting a material for a commercial product

A

Cost
Availability
Environmental impact

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11
Q

What is stainless steel mainly used for

A

Cutlery and cooking utensils due to its resistance to corrosion and hardness

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12
Q

The aluminium alloy is…………

A

Lightweight

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13
Q

The properties of metals can be altered by the process of………….and…………..

A

Heating and Cooling

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14
Q

What happens if a metal is constantly being bent or hammered

A

Likely to split or fracture Brittle

This is known as hardening and i possible to remove this by annealing

With aluminium rub with soap, when the soap turns black it’s the correct temperature for annealing

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15
Q

How do you anneal

A

heat up to certain temperature, allow to cool down then start working with it

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16
Q

What do have to do before drilling

A

Use centre punch to stop drill from slipping

17
Q

A small drill through a soft metal will require a ………speed, but a large drill through a hard metal will require a………speed

18
Q

What is the easiest and safest way of drilling a metal

A

In a machine vice

19
Q

What is a non-permanent method of joining

A

Can be taken apart
Particularly useful for maintenance as worn out parts can be replaced
Nuts and bolts

20
Q

What are rivets

A

Small metal pins used to fasten sheets of sheet material

Cheaper and less visible from nuts and bolts

21
Q

How do we permanently join metals

22
Q

What is plain riveting

A

Soft steel or aluminium rivet is pushed through a pre-drilled hole in the sheet material

Second end is then hammered into shape of a rivet head

23
Q

What is pop riveting

A

Pre-formed Aluminium rivet with steel pin trapped inside

Pushed though a pre drilled hole

Pop rivet gun pulls out the steel pin which swells the rivet and the pin pops off

Can pivot with pa[er washer between metal

24
Q

When is soft soldering used

A

Commonly used when manufacturing electrical circuits and when plumbing wit copper pipework

230˚C

Essential that joint is perfectley clean before parts are soldered together as the dirt will prevent the solder joining to the metal

25
What is hard soldering
Silver soldering is a similar process but is used to join precious metals together 600-800˚C Heat is applied by using a blow torch Solder ia an alloy of Silver, copper and Zinc
26
What is welding
Very wrong method of permanently going two metals together
27
What is spot welding
Used for thin sheets