Metals, Sources and Origins

Question 1

Most metals are found within the………………and is known as………

Answer 1

Earth’s crust

Ore

Question 2

What ore does Aluminium come from

Answer 2

Bauxite - Australia

Question 3

Are metals renewable

Answer 3

No

Question 4

What process is ore taken out of the Earths crust

Answer 4

Mining

Question 5

What is surface mining

Answer 5

Stripping away the Earth using large evacuation equipment to remove earth

Question 6

Where does steel mainly come from

Answer 6

Hematite ores in Brazil

Question 7

Once the metals have been extracted from the ground, how do they get extracted from the ore

Answer 7

Smelting - either by blast furnace or electrolysis

Question 8

How is Iron extracted from Hematite

Answer 8

Extracted in a blast furnace. Crushed hematite are loaded into a main section of a blast furnace and heated to very hight temperatures

Manufacture of iron uses vas amounts of fossil fuel;s . Once the furnace reaches the right temperature, its cost effective to keep it going as long as possible

Question 9

How is aluminium extracted

Answer 9

Electrolysis

Must be molten first so that ions can move

Aluminium has a very high melting point so very expensive

Instead it’s dissolved in a Aluminium compound s that it has a lower melting point

Reduces energy used

Question 10

Give some factors to consider when selecting a material for a commercial product

Answer 10

Cost
Availability
Environmental impact

Question 11

What is stainless steel mainly used for

Answer 11

Cutlery and cooking utensils due to its resistance to corrosion and hardness

Question 12

The aluminium alloy is…………

Answer 12

Lightweight

Question 13

The properties of metals can be altered by the process of………….and…………..

Answer 13

Heating and Cooling

Question 14

What happens if a metal is constantly being bent or hammered

Answer 14

Likely to split or fracture Brittle

This is known as hardening and i possible to remove this by annealing

With aluminium rub with soap, when the soap turns black it’s the correct temperature for annealing

Question 15

How do you anneal

Answer 15

heat up to certain temperature, allow to cool down then start working with it

Question 16

What do have to do before drilling

Answer 16

Use centre punch to stop drill from slipping

Question 17

A small drill through a soft metal will require a ………speed, but a large drill through a hard metal will require a………speed

Answer 17

High

Slow

Question 18

What is the easiest and safest way of drilling a metal

Answer 18

In a machine vice

Question 19

What is a non-permanent method of joining

Answer 19

Can be taken apart
Particularly useful for maintenance as worn out parts can be replaced
Nuts and bolts

Question 20

What are rivets

Answer 20

Small metal pins used to fasten sheets of sheet material

Cheaper and less visible from nuts and bolts

Question 21

How do we permanently join metals

Answer 21

Heat

Question 22

What is plain riveting

Answer 22

Soft steel or aluminium rivet is pushed through a pre-drilled hole in the sheet material

Second end is then hammered into shape of a rivet head

Question 23

What is pop riveting

Answer 23

Pre-formed Aluminium rivet with steel pin trapped inside

Pushed though a pre drilled hole

Pop rivet gun pulls out the steel pin which swells the rivet and the pin pops off

Can pivot with pa[er washer between metal

Question 24

When is soft soldering used

Answer 24

Commonly used when manufacturing electrical circuits and when plumbing wit copper pipework

230˚C

Essential that joint is perfectley clean before parts are soldered together as the dirt will prevent the solder joining to the metal

Question 25

What is hard soldering

Answer 25

Silver soldering is a similar process but is used to join precious metals together

600-800˚C

Heat is applied by using a blow torch

Solder ia an alloy of Silver, copper and Zinc

Question 26

What is welding

Answer 26

Very wrong method of permanently going two metals together

Question 27

What is spot welding

Answer 27

Used for thin sheets