Tibiofibular and ankle joints

Question 1

How is weight transferred through the tibia?

Answer 1

Directly downwards

Question 2

Describe the tibial tuberosity?

Answer 2

Tuberosity on anterior tibia

Patellar tendon attaches here

Question 3

Describe the formation of the tibial tuberosity?

Answer 3

Ossifies later than the rest of the tibia

Question 4

Which pathology is associated with the tibial tuberosity?

Answer 4

Osgood Schlatter’s syndrome

Question 5

Describe the soleal line?

Answer 5

Line that runs posteriorly on the tibia

Question 6

Describe the function of the fibula?

Answer 6

Non-weight bearing

For muscle attachment: 9 muscles attach here

Question 7

Where is the tibiofibular joint located?

Answer 7

There are two: superior and inferior

Question 8

What type of joint is the superior tibiofibular joint?

Which movements occur here?

Answer 8

Plane synovial joint

Some gliding movements

Question 9

Describe the ligaments supporting the superior tibiofibular joint?

Answer 9

Anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments

LCL of knee

Question 10

What type of joint is the inferior tibiofibular joint?

Answer 10

Fibrous joint (syndesmosis)

Question 11

Which ligaments support the inferior tibiofibular joint?

Answer 11

Anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments

Interosseous tibiofibular ligaments

Question 12

Describe the function of the inferior tibiofibular joint?

Answer 12

Prevents the tibia and fibula from separating in weight bearing

Question 13

Which structure does the inferior tibiofibular joint form?

Answer 13

Malleolar mortise

Question 14

List the bones of the foot?

Answer 14

3 rows of tarsal bones: calcaneus, talus, navicular, 3 cuneiforms, cuboid

5 metatarsals: named 1-5 medial to lateral

14 phalanges: 2 in hallux, 3 in each digit

Question 15

Which is the largest bone in the foot?

Answer 15

Calcaneus

Question 16

Which bones of the foot are articular at the ankle joint?

Answer 16

Only the talus

Question 17

Describe the joints of the big toe?

What is the significance of this?

Answer 17

No saddle joint

Stabilioty rather than mobility

Question 18

List the joints that the talus is involved in?

Answer 18

Ankle joint (talocrural joint)

Subtalar joint (talocalcaneal joint)

Midtarsal joint (talocalcaneonavicular, calcaneocuboid)

Question 19

Which bones are involved in the ankle joint?

Answer 19

Body of talus fits into mortice between malleoli

Question 20

What type of joint is the ankle joint?

Which movements occur here?

Answer 20

Synovial hinge joint

Flexion and extension only

Question 21

How is the ankle joint deepened posteriorly?

Answer 21

Inferior transverse ligament

Boxes in mortice posteriorly

Question 22

What is the function of the inferior transverse ligament at the ankle joint?

Answer 22

Deepens ankle joint posteriorly

Boxes in mortice posteriorly

Question 23

Describe the axis of movement of the ankle joint?

Why does this occur?

Answer 23

Oblique axis of movement, as the lateral malleolus extends further distally than the medial malleolus

Question 24

Why is the ankle joint more stable in dorsiflexion than plantar flexion?

Answer 24

Joint surfaces more confruent in dosriflexion, as the talus is wider anteriorly

Question 25

Describe the ligaments that support the ankle joint?

Answer 25

Medial 'deltoid' ligament: component parts Lateral collateral ligament: three component parts

Question 26

Which ligaments at the ankle are most likely to be injured?

Answer 26

Deltoid ligament rarely injured: very strong LCL commonly injured in inversion sprains

Question 27

Which movements occur at the subtalar and TCN joints?

Answer 27

Inversion and eversion

Question 28

Which joint is the subtalar joint functionally paired to?

Answer 28

Talocalaneonavicular joint

Question 29

What tyoe of joints are the subtalar and TCN joints?

Answer 29

Modified ball and socket joints

Question 30

What is the spring ligament? What is its function?

Answer 30

Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament Maintains position of head of talus Maintains arch of foot

Question 31

Within which joint is the sinus tarsi found?

Answer 31

Subtalar joint

Question 32

What is the sinus tarsi?

Answer 32

Gap in subtalar joint which transmits vascular structures

Question 33

Which ligaments support the subtalar joint?

Answer 33

Interosseous talocalcaneal ligament

Question 34

What type of joint is the calcaneocuboid joint? Which movements occur here?

Answer 34

Plane synovial joint Allows rotatory gliding movementfor pronation/supination

Question 35

Describe the difference between inversion/eversion and pronation/supination?

Answer 35

Inversion/eversion is whole foot movement Pronation/supination is relative movement between hind foot and forefoot

Question 36

List the joints present in the foot?

Answer 36

Intertarsal joints Tarsometatarsal joints Metatarsophalangeal joints Interphalangeal joints

Question 37

List the arches present in the foot?

Answer 37

2 longtitudinal arches: medial and lateral 1 transverse arch (hemi-arch on each foot)