Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Locomotor > Mycology > Flashcards

Mycology Flashcards

1
Q

What is S.cerevisiae?

A

Baker’s yeast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe the classification of fungi?

A

Unicellular (yeasts)

Filamentous (moulds)

Dimorphic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe the basic properties of yeasts and moulds?

A

YEASTS

Unicellular, facultative anaerobes, reproduce asexually by budding, produce colonies on agar

MOULDS

Filamentous, aerobes, reproduce by conidia, produce mycelia on agar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a conidium?

What is a mycelium?

A

Conidia: asexual spores

Mycelia: mass of branched, tubular filaments of fungi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe the appearance of yeast cells on a Gram stain?

A

Larger than bacteria

Look like strange Gram positive cocci

Budding visible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe the appearance of yeast culture on blood agar?

A

Non-descript, small colonies

Yeasty smell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe the appearance of filamentous fungus on culture?

A

Filaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe the features of fungi visible in this picture?

A

Hyphae and conidia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Rank the virulence fungi types?

A

Descending order of virulence:

Dimorphic fungi

Dermatophytes

Agents of subcutaneous mycoses

Opportunists

Toxic fungi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which types of fungi are primary pathogens?

A

Dimorphic fungi

Dermatophytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe why dimorphic fungi are so virulent?

A

Best adapted to grow in our tissues: can grow as moulds (filamentous) in the environment, and switch to yeast (unicellular)when they invade us

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Give an example of a dimorphic fungus?

A

Histoplasma capsulitin

Causes Cave’s disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Give an example of a dermatophyte?

A

Ringworm fungus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe how dermatophytes colonise us?

A

Grow on skin, hair and nails

Don’t invade deeply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are agents of subcutaneous mycoses?

A

Low grade pathogens

Inoculated directly into skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which patients do opportunistic fungi affect?

A

Immunocompromised patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Give an example of a toxic fungus?

A

Poisonous mushrooms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe the behaviour of toxins released from fungi?

A

They diffuse

So, don’t just chop the mouldy bit off the cheese!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What do dermatophytes cause in humans?

A

Tinea

20
Q

How are dermatophytes classified?

A

Three genera

Morphologically different, and have preferences for different tissues and hosts

21
Q

Give an example of a subcutaneous mycosis?

A

Mycetoma (maduromycosis)

22
Q

What are the causes of mycetoma?

A

Can be caused by bacteria (acintomycetoma, eg. nocardia spp.) or fungi (eumycetoma, eg. madurella spp.)

23
Q

Give three examples of opportunistic mycoses?

What are they caused by?

A

Candidiasis: candida albicans (yeast)

Cryptococcosis: c.neoformans or c.gattii (yeast)

Aspergillosis: aspergillus spp. (filamentous)

24
Q

Describe the types of candidiasis?

A

Mucocutaneous: infects mucous membranes

Chronic mucocutaneous: can’t get rid of it

Systemic: invasive, fatal

25
Q

In which patients does systemic candidiasis most commonly occur?

A

Neonates

Advanced immunodeficiency

26
Q

Why can fungi reach such large numbers in the body?

A

Can reach large numbers before they kill a patient, because they don’t activate the immune system as strongly as bacteria and viruses

27
Q

Which agent of cryptococcosis may cause infection in non-immunocompromised individuals?

Why?

A

C.gattii

More virulent than other agents

28
Q

What diseases areassociated with cryptococcosis?

A

Pulmonary infection (inhaled)

Meningitis (if it spreads to blood or if casued by c.gattii)

29
Q

In which patients does meningitis due to cryptococcosis usually occur?

A

AIDS (AIDS defining illness)

Lymphomas

High dose steroids

30
Q

What are the different clinical forms of Aspergillosis?

A

Saprophytic (fungus ball)

Allergic (can occur at distant site)

Systemic

31
Q

What can saprophytic Aspergillosis be mistaken for?

A

Tumour

Large fungus ball resembles a tumour

32
Q

Which methods can be used to diagnose fungal infections?

A

Microscopy

Culture

Antigen detection

PCR

Mass spec

33
Q

What is present in the microscopic image?

A

Tinea: hyphae in skin scraping

34
Q

Describe how c.albicans can be detected via culture?

A

One test to see if it is c.albicans

If not > do a whole lot of other biochemical tests

35
Q

Which fungus is this?

How can we tell?

A

Macronidia: Epidermophyton sp.

Unique appearance

36
Q

What is shown in this image?

A

Germ tubes (pseudohyphae) of c.albicans in vitro

37
Q

When is antigen detection often employed for fungi?

A

Used a lot for pseudococcus

Used to see if treatment is working

38
Q

What are the two types of anti-fungal chemotherapy?

A

Systemic

Topical

39
Q

List the systemic anti-fungal chemotherapies?

A

Polyenes

Triazoles

Echinocandins

5-fluorocytosine

40
Q

List the topical anti-fungal chemotherapies?

A

Polyenes

Imidazoles

41
Q

What are the targets of anti-fungals?

A

Ergosterol in cytoplasmic membrane: polyenes affect integrity, allylamines trizoles and morpholines affect synthesis

Nucleic acids: 5-fluorocytosine affects RNA and DNA synthesis

42
Q

Why must patients on anti-fungal therapies be hospitalised?

A

To monitor toxicity

43
Q

Describe the main treatment of the following systemic fungal infections:

a) Candida spp.
b) Cryptococcus
c) Aspegillus
d) Dimorphic fungi

A

a) Fluconazole
b) Amphotericin B + 5-fluorocytosine
c) Voriconazole
d) Amphotericin B

44
Q

Which types of treatment can be employed for dermatophytosis?

A

Non-specific (to reduce fungal load)

Topical

Oral

45
Q

In which situation would oral treatment of dermatophytosis be used?

A

If it is difficult to treat topically

If it is widely disseminated

If it is under the nails

Locomotor (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions