Thyroid Gland & Disease

Question 1

How many parathyroids?

Answer 1

4

Question 2

What do parathyroids do?

Answer 2

Regulate the body’s metabolism

Question 3

What is the Thyroid?

Answer 3

Plays an important role in metabolism, situated at the front of the neck

Question 4

The tissue connecting the two lobes?

Answer 4

Isthmus

Question 5

How many thyroid hormones are there and what are they called?

Answer 5

1-thyroxine (T4)
2-triiodothyronine (T3)
3-reverse triiodothyronine

Question 6

3 primary sections of a thyroid (histology)

Answer 6

Follicles
Follicular cells
Para follicular cells

Question 7

What is the function of the follicles, follicular cells and the para follicular cells?

Answer 7

1-follicular, absorb iodine
2-F.C, secrete t3 and t4
3-para follicular, secrete calcitonin

Question 8

Function of iodide

Answer 8

Aid to generate t3 and t4

Question 9

Function of thyroid hormones

Answer 9

Growth
Development
Transporters (amino acid)
Stimulate gene expression

Question 10

Thyroid transport in the blood

Answer 10

Thyroxin binding globulin (TBG) carries most t3 and t4.

Unbound (free) t3 and t4 very important, however very low

Question 11

Major route of excretion?

Answer 11

Hormone degradation by deiodination and metabolism in tissues

Question 12

Hyperthyroidism?

Answer 12

Over active thyroid

Question 13

Hypothyroidism

Answer 13

Underactive thyroid

Question 14

Euthyroid

Answer 14

Normal functioning thyroid

Question 15

Another name for hypothyroidism?

Answer 15

Myxoedema

Question 16

Hashimotos disease

Answer 16

Low t4
Antibodies destroys thyroid gland (primary)
Hypothyroidism

Question 17

Signs of hypothyroidism

Answer 17

Weight gain
Slow speech
Dry skin
Bradycardia

Question 18

TFT?

Answer 18

Thyroid function test:

Helps diagnosis of thyroid disease

Question 19

Treatment for hashimoto disease?

Answer 19

Thyroid replacement therapy

Question 20

Another name for hyperthyroidism?

Answer 20

Thyrotoxicosis

Question 21

Cause of hyperthyroidism?

Answer 21

Graves’ disease (most common)

Question 22

Signs of hyperthyroidism

Answer 22

Sweating
Weight loss
Tremor

Question 23

Graves’ disease?

Answer 23

Autoimmune
Mostly females
Control of t4 synthesis decrease

Question 24

Toxic multi modular goitre

Answer 24

Iodine deficiency

Induction to thyroid cell hyperplasia

Question 25

Treatment?

Answer 25

Surgery
Thyroid hormone replacement
Beta blocker
Iodine therapy

Question 26

2 hypothalamus pituitary thyroid axis

Answer 26

TSH

TRH

Question 27

If patients thyroid hormone is too high…

Answer 27

TSH will be suppressed

Question 28

If patients thyroid hormone is too low

Answer 28

TSH levels will be too low

Question 29

Thyroid function tests

Answer 29

…aids diagnosis

Question 30

2 hypothalamus pituitary thyroid axis

Answer 30

TSH

TRH

Question 31

If patients thyroid hormone is too high…

Answer 31

TSH will be suppressed

Question 32

If patients thyroid hormone is too low

Answer 32

TSH levels will be too low

Question 33

Thyroid function tests

Answer 33

…aids diagnosis

Question 34

2 hypothalamus pituitary thyroid axis

Answer 34

TSH

TRH

Question 35

If patients thyroid hormone is too high…

Answer 35

TSH will be suppressed

Question 36

If patients thyroid hormone is too low

Answer 36

TSH levels will be too low

Question 37

Thyroid function tests

Answer 37

…aids diagnosis

Question 38

2 hypothalamus pituitary thyroid axis

Answer 38

TSH

TRH

Question 39

If patients thyroid hormone is too high…

Answer 39

TSH will be suppressed

Question 40

If patients thyroid hormone is too low

Answer 40

TSH levels will be too low

Question 41

Thyroid function tests

Answer 41

…aids diagnosis

Question 42

2 hypothalamus pituitary thyroid axis

Answer 42

TSH

TRH

Question 43

If patients thyroid hormone is too high…

Answer 43

TSH will be suppressed

Question 44

If patients thyroid hormone is too low

Answer 44

TSH levels will be too low

Question 45

Thyroid function tests

Answer 45

…aids diagnosis