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Clinical Biochemistry > Thyroid Gland & Disease > Flashcards

Thyroid Gland & Disease Flashcards

1
Q

How many parathyroids?

A

4

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2
Q

What do parathyroids do?

A

Regulate the body’s metabolism

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3
Q

What is the Thyroid?

A

Plays an important role in metabolism, situated at the front of the neck

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4
Q

The tissue connecting the two lobes?

A

Isthmus

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5
Q

How many thyroid hormones are there and what are they called?

A

1-thyroxine (T4)
2-triiodothyronine (T3)
3-reverse triiodothyronine

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6
Q

3 primary sections of a thyroid (histology)

A

Follicles
Follicular cells
Para follicular cells

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7
Q

What is the function of the follicles, follicular cells and the para follicular cells?

A

1-follicular, absorb iodine
2-F.C, secrete t3 and t4
3-para follicular, secrete calcitonin

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8
Q

Function of iodide

A

Aid to generate t3 and t4

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9
Q

Function of thyroid hormones

A

Growth
Development
Transporters (amino acid)
Stimulate gene expression

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10
Q

Thyroid transport in the blood

A

Thyroxin binding globulin (TBG) carries most t3 and t4.

Unbound (free) t3 and t4 very important, however very low

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11
Q

Major route of excretion?

A

Hormone degradation by deiodination and metabolism in tissues

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12
Q

Hyperthyroidism?

A

Over active thyroid

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13
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

Underactive thyroid

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14
Q

Euthyroid

A

Normal functioning thyroid

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15
Q

Another name for hypothyroidism?

A

Myxoedema

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16
Q

Hashimotos disease

A

Low t4
Antibodies destroys thyroid gland (primary)
Hypothyroidism

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17
Q

Signs of hypothyroidism

A

Weight gain
Slow speech
Dry skin
Bradycardia

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18
Q

TFT?

A

Thyroid function test:

Helps diagnosis of thyroid disease

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19
Q

Treatment for hashimoto disease?

A

Thyroid replacement therapy

20
Q

Another name for hyperthyroidism?

A

Thyrotoxicosis

21
Q

Cause of hyperthyroidism?

A

Graves’ disease (most common)

22
Q

Signs of hyperthyroidism

A

Sweating
Weight loss
Tremor

23
Q

Graves’ disease?

A

Autoimmune
Mostly females
Control of t4 synthesis decrease

24
Q

Toxic multi modular goitre

A

Iodine deficiency

Induction to thyroid cell hyperplasia

25
Q

Treatment?

A

Surgery
Thyroid hormone replacement
Beta blocker
Iodine therapy

26
Q

2 hypothalamus pituitary thyroid axis

27
Q

If patients thyroid hormone is too high…

A

TSH will be suppressed

28
Q

If patients thyroid hormone is too low

A

TSH levels will be too low

29
Q

Thyroid function tests

A

…aids diagnosis

30
Q

2 hypothalamus pituitary thyroid axis

31
Q

If patients thyroid hormone is too high…

A

TSH will be suppressed

32
Q

If patients thyroid hormone is too low

A

TSH levels will be too low

33
Q

Thyroid function tests

A

…aids diagnosis

34
Q

2 hypothalamus pituitary thyroid axis

35
Q

If patients thyroid hormone is too high…

A

TSH will be suppressed

36
Q

If patients thyroid hormone is too low

A

TSH levels will be too low

37
Q

Thyroid function tests

A

…aids diagnosis

38
Q

2 hypothalamus pituitary thyroid axis

39
Q

If patients thyroid hormone is too high…

A

TSH will be suppressed

40
Q

If patients thyroid hormone is too low

A

TSH levels will be too low

41
Q

Thyroid function tests

A

…aids diagnosis

42
Q

2 hypothalamus pituitary thyroid axis

43
Q

If patients thyroid hormone is too high…

A

TSH will be suppressed

44
Q

If patients thyroid hormone is too low

A

TSH levels will be too low

45
Q

Thyroid function tests

A

…aids diagnosis

Clinical Biochemistry (11 decks)

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