Thyroid Gland & Disease Flashcards
How many parathyroids?
4
What do parathyroids do?
Regulate the body’s metabolism
What is the Thyroid?
Plays an important role in metabolism, situated at the front of the neck
The tissue connecting the two lobes?
Isthmus
How many thyroid hormones are there and what are they called?
1-thyroxine (T4)
2-triiodothyronine (T3)
3-reverse triiodothyronine
3 primary sections of a thyroid (histology)
Follicles
Follicular cells
Para follicular cells
What is the function of the follicles, follicular cells and the para follicular cells?
1-follicular, absorb iodine
2-F.C, secrete t3 and t4
3-para follicular, secrete calcitonin
Function of iodide
Aid to generate t3 and t4
Function of thyroid hormones
Growth
Development
Transporters (amino acid)
Stimulate gene expression
Thyroid transport in the blood
Thyroxin binding globulin (TBG) carries most t3 and t4.
Unbound (free) t3 and t4 very important, however very low
Major route of excretion?
Hormone degradation by deiodination and metabolism in tissues
Hyperthyroidism?
Over active thyroid
Hypothyroidism
Underactive thyroid
Euthyroid
Normal functioning thyroid
Another name for hypothyroidism?
Myxoedema
Hashimotos disease
Low t4
Antibodies destroys thyroid gland (primary)
Hypothyroidism
Signs of hypothyroidism
Weight gain
Slow speech
Dry skin
Bradycardia
TFT?
Thyroid function test:
Helps diagnosis of thyroid disease
Treatment for hashimoto disease?
Thyroid replacement therapy
Another name for hyperthyroidism?
Thyrotoxicosis
Cause of hyperthyroidism?
Graves’ disease (most common)
Signs of hyperthyroidism
Sweating
Weight loss
Tremor
Graves’ disease?
Autoimmune
Mostly females
Control of t4 synthesis decrease
Toxic multi modular goitre
Iodine deficiency
Induction to thyroid cell hyperplasia
