Calcium, Phosphate, And Metabolic Bone Disease

Question 1

What’s phosphate metabolism roles?

Answer 1

Phospholipids

Nucleotides- ATP

Question 2

What 3 areas are there of calcium and phosphate?

Answer 2

Gastrointestinal
Kidney
Bone (CaPO4)

Question 3

What percentage of plasma calcium is unfilterable?

Answer 3

53%

Question 4

What percentage is the plasma calcium protein bound?

Answer 4

47%

Question 5

What hormone controls calcium in the para thyroid gland?

Answer 5

Parathormone (PTH)

Question 6

What hormone controls calcium in the kidney?

Answer 6

Calcitrol

1,25 (OH) 2D

Question 7

What hormone controls calcium in the thyroid gland?

Answer 7

Calcitonin

Question 8

What’s the 4 step process of calcitriol?

Answer 8

7 dehydrocholestral—>calciferol—>25 (OH) D—>1,25 (OH)2D

Question 9

Key facts on bone?

Answer 9

Dynamic tissue
Opposite action of 2 types of cells (osteoclasts,formation)
(Osteoblasts, remodelling)

Question 10

What are the 2 main proteins in the bone?

Answer 10

Collegen

Calcium phosphate

Question 11

Alkaline phosphate (ALP)

Answer 11

Key enzyme in normal bone physiology

Question 12

Disorders of calcium or phosphate homeostasis

Answer 12

Hypercalciemia
Decreased renal secretion
Increased renal secretion
Increased bone loss

Question 13

Pathophysiology of hypercalcemia?

Answer 13

Neurological symptoms
Muscle weakness
ECG anomalies
Polydipsia

Question 14

Roles of hypercalcemia

Answer 14

Influences nerve action potentials
Alter Na and k channels
Role as a intracellular messenger

Question 15

Biochemical tests for suspected hyperparathyroidism?

Answer 15

Calcium-->elevated
Albumin-->to control
Phosphate-->decreased
ALP-->increased
Total Co2-->if decreased, supports diagnosis
PTH (elevated)

Question 16

What’s calcium metabolism roles?

Answer 16

1-influences nerve action potentials
2-alter Na and K channels
3-role as an intracellular messenger