Thyroid and Parathyroid Gland Flashcards
What 2 cells are found in the thyroid gland, what are their functions
- Follicular cells: Surround follicle and secretes T3/T4 into the blood
- Parafollicular cells (C cells): Found in between follicular cells and Secretes calcitonin
What is the anatomy of the thyroid gland
Larynx (voice box)
Thyroid - Isthumus connecting the two glands
Trachea (wind pipe
What are follicles
Circular structures filled with stored iodine and thyroglobulin
What is T3/T4 hormones, what organ does it affect and how does it affect that organ
T3/T4 is composed of iodine atoms, it affects most cells in the body, and circulates the body using thyroglobulin (protein)
- Increased metabolism, burned calories, heat production, growth
What are some abnormal conditions of the thyroid
Hyperthyroidism (Autoimmune disease) - High T3/T4, Low TSH
- Decreased appetite, High HR,Tremors
Hypothyroidism - Low T3/T4 , High TSH
- Weight gain, low HR, weak
- Goiter
Where is calcitonin secreted from, what are organs does it affect, what are the effect
Secreted by the parafoliicular cells of the thyroid
- Decrease blood and phosphate calcium levels
Target organ: Decreases osetoclast avtivly allowing osteoblasts to use blood calcium in bone building. Kidneys secrete calcium. Intestinges decrease absorption of calcium form food
Where is the Parathyroid gland located and what cells is that parathyroid gland composed of
Posterior aspect of the thyroid, composed of chief cells
What hormone does the parathyroid secrete, what organs does it effect, what is the effect
Increases blood calcium levels in the blood
- Increase osteoclasts
- Stimulates Vitamin D production in the kidneys
- Increase absorption by the kidneys, Inhibits elimination of calcium by the kidney
What happens if there are high blood calcium levels, or low blood calcium levels. Abnormal conditions?
High levels of blood calcium trigger calcitonin
- Low levels inhibit calcitonin
Hypocalcemia is caused by a PTH deficiency
