Immune system Flashcards
What is innate immunity and what is the response
Immunity that you are born with - There are 4 types of responses
What are the 4 responses of innate immunity and what are some characteristics of each
- Physical: Skin,chemical or Mucuos membrane
-Chemical mediators: Compliment protein, Opsonization, MACS, Interfrons - Immune system cells: WBC
- Inflammation: Vasodialtion, rednesss
What is the function of an interferon
Cell is infected with virus - in response the cell secretes interferons which warn other cells to protect themselves.
What is the function of a Compliment protein, how does it “activate” and where is it made. What is opsonization
Made in the liver and is inactive until bacteria will activate it. Opsonization is active compliment C3B coating the bacteria which allows the phagocytes to engulf it
What is adaptive/acquire/specific immunity, what is a characteristic
Adaptive immunity is developed over time, and has an immunological memory of threats
What are the 2 branches of defense for Adaptive immunity
- Antibody mediated branch (Humeral immunity)
- Cell mediated immunity
What is antibody mediated branch, what type of immunity does it belong to
Antibody mediated branch is adaptive immuntiy and it uses B-lymphocytes cells that are made and mature in the bone marrow. Bcells make antibodies to protect against cirulating antigens
What type of immunity does cell mediated immunity belong to and what is its function
Cell mediated immunity belongs to adaptive immunity and its function is to protect and kill bacteria or viruses inside the cell by using T lymphocytes, that are made in the bone marrow and mature in the thymus
What are antigens
Proteins or complex carbohydates that are large and trigger a production of antibodies
What is the shape of an antibody
Y shaped - 2 heavy chains and 2 light chains
What is the variable region on an antibody
The location where the antigen binds to the antibody
What are the 5 types of antibodies and what is their function
1.IgG- Crosses the placenta - most abundant
2.IgM - First antibody made
3.IgA- Antibodies found in body fluid
4. IgE - Antibodies for allergic reaction
5. IgD- unkown
What are the function of the lymphatic system
- Fluid balance
- Fat absorption
- immunity
What is the name of the lymphatic vessels that absorb broken down digestive fat around the intestines called
Lacteals
What is the composition of Lymph
Mostly water and plasma components, but no large proteins, RBC or platelets
List in order the lymphatic vessels size from smallest to largest and a characteristic
Lymphatic capillaries - Dead end tubes
lymphatic vessels-Similar to vein-valve and collapses
lymphatic ducts - Right and left ducts
lymphatic trunks
What are lymph nodes and what are their function
encapsulated strucutres along the course of lymphatic vessels- Filters lymph and removes foriegn substance
What type of tissue is lymphatic tissue
Retricular CT tissue
What are the cells found in lymphatic tissue
- Lymphocytes, B and T
- Macrophages
What is an encapsulated structures give examples of each
Encapsulated - Has a thick layer of CT around them
Ex. Spleen and Lymph nodes
What is a non-encapsualted strucutre. Give an example
Nonencapsulated means there is no CT layer around them
ex. lymph nodules, tonsils
Where and what are are lymphatic nodules
Loosely organized, non-encapsulated lymphatic tissue found in the head and throat
What is the function of the spleen and some characteristics
Encapsulated lymphatic organs
- White pulp: Tissue surrounding arteries that house macrophages and lymhocytes
- Red pulp: Associated with veins that house marcophages and b lymphocytes
