Respiratory system Flashcards
What is the function of the respiratory system
Exchange of gases - Bring in O2 and remove CO2
What does respiration mean
Exchange of gases
What does ventilation mean
Breathing
What is external respiration
The exchange of gases between blood and lungs
-O2 is given to blood from the lungs
- CO2 give to the lungs from the blood
What is internal respiration
The exchange of gases between the circulatory system and tissue
- O2 is given to tissue from blood
- CO2 is given to the blood from the tissue
What is the conduction zone - List the structures
Structures involved in ventilation
- Nasal cavity, nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx, larynx, trachea, primary bronchi, Lobary bronchi, Tetariy bronchi, terminal bronchi
What is the function of the nasal cavity, what tissue is the nasal cavity composed of
- Warm, filter and moisten the air
- Composed of pseudostratified columnar epithelium
What are the structures in the Nasopharaynx, and what tissue is the nasopharynx composed of
- Soft palet
- Uvula: Prevents food from entering the nasopharaynx
- Pharyngeal (Adenoid) tonsils
- Pharyngotympanic tubes
- Composed of cilliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
What are the structures found in the oropharynx and what tissue is it composed of
- Palatine tonsils
- Lingual tonsils
- Composed of Stratified squamous epithelium
What structures are found in the laryngopharynx and what tissue is the laryngopharynx composed of
- Epiglottis, composed of elastic cartilage - prevent the passage of food from entering into the windpipe
- Composed of stratified squamous epithelium
What structures are found in the larynx and what tissue is found in the larynx
- Front thyroid cartilage
-Circoid cartilage - Paired arytenoid, cuneiform and corniculate cartilage
- Epiglottis
- Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
What is the function of the trachea, what is it made out of
- Also called the wind pipe – trachea is a tube that takes air from the larynx to the mediasitnum
- Mucosa: Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium w goblet cells
- Made of c shape rings of hylanie cartilage – brought together by trachealis muscle (Smooth muscle) positioned against the espophagus
- The last c shape cartilage is thicker – triangular shape = carina that will split into the 2 primary bronchi
How many levels of division in the respiratory system are there
23
What is the first level, what is the difference between the right and left
Primary bronchi - right side is shorter and wider than the left side
What is the second level called, how many bronchi on each side
Secondary level or LOBAR level - enters the lungs, 3 bronchi on the right side, 2 bronchi on the left side
What is the 3rd level called
Tertiary or Segmental bronchi on both right and left sides
What is the name of the last level on the conductive system
Terminal bronchiole
What is the difference between a bronchiole and a bronchi
Bronchi has more cartilage than smooth muscle
Bronchiole has NO cartilage and is composed of only smooth muslce
How does the tissue in change from bronchi’s to bronchioles
Tissues changes from pseudostratified columnar epithelium with cilia to cuboidal epithelium and the size in the vessel decreases. . Cilia and goblet cells decrease, and smooth muscle increases
What is the system of the Respiratory zone
Terminal bronchioles end the conducting zone –> Begins with the respiratory bronchioles –> alveolar ducts –> alveoli which make alveolar sacs
What tissue is the respiratory zone composed of, and what are the 3 layers outside of the lungs
- simple squamous epithelium
- Visceral, partial pleura and a pleaura cavity
Alveolar walls are composed of what 2 cells
Type 1 - Single layer of simple sqaumous epithelium
type 2 - cuboidal cells that secrete surfactant
Respiratory zone is what type of respiration - internal or external respiration
External respiration
