Thucydides Flashcards
το θέρος
summer
gen θέρους
τοῦ δὲ θέρους εὐθὺς ἀρχομένου Πελοποννήσιοι καὶ οἱ ξύμμαχοι τὰ δύο μέρη ὥσπερ καὶ τὸ πρῶτον ἐσέβαλον ἐς τὴν Ἀττικήν （ἡγεῖτο δὲ Ἀρχίδαμος ὁ Ζευξιδάμου Λακεδαιμονίων βασιλεύς) καὶ καθεζόμενοι ἐδῄουν τὴν γῆν
at the start of the summer, the Lacedaimons and their allies, with only two thirds of what they had at the start, attacked Attica, lead by Archidamus, son of Zeuxidamus, king of the Spartans, they occupied (καθεζόμενοι) and laid waste to the land.
ἐγκατασκῆψαι
aor infin ἐγκατασκήπτω
fall upon
οὐ μέντοι τοσοῦτός γε λοιμὸς οὐδὲ φθορὰ οὕτως ἀνθρώπων οὐδαμοῦ ἐμνημονεύετο γενέσθαι.
For sure so great a plague and decay (φθορὰ) to such an extent (οὕτως) was remembered by no man to have occurred.
οὔτε γὰρ ἰατροὶ ἤρκουν τὸ πρῶτον θεραπεύοντες ἀγνοίᾳ, ἀλλ᾽ αὐτοὶ μάλιστα ἔθνῃσκον ὅσῳ καὶ μάλιστα προσῇσαν
for the doctors were not able to ward off the plague at first, treating through ignorance, and they themselves died the most by how much they visited the sickest people.
πάντα ἀνωφελῆ ἦν
everything was useless
ἐς τὴν βασιλέως γῆν τὴν πολλήν
through most of the kings country
ἐξαπιναίως
suddenly
ἐσβεβλήκοιεν
pf opt εἰσβαλλω throw into
κρῆναι γὰρ οὔπω ἦσαν αὐτόθι
for there were no fountains there yet
τὸ μὲν γὰρ ἔτος, ὡς ὡμολογεῖτο, ἐκ πάντων μάλιστα δὴ ἐκεῖνο ἄνοσον ἐς τὰς ἄλλας ἀσθενείας ἐτύγχανεν
that year, it was agreed by everyone, had especially free from sickness (ἄνοσον) towards other illnesses (ἀσθενείας).
προκάμνω
have the previous illness
ἐς τοῦτο πάντα ἀπεκρίθη
all (illnesses) were determined towards this (they all died)
τοὺς δὲ ἄλλους ἀπ᾽ οὐδεμιᾶς προφάσεως
but other cases from no obvious cause
ἀλλ᾽ ἐξαίφνης ὑγιεῖς ὄντας πρῶτον μὲν τῆς κεφαλῆς θέρμαι ἰσχυραὶ καὶ τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν ἐρυθήματα καὶ φλόγωσις ἐλάμβανε
but on a sudden a violent (ἰσχυραὶ) heat (θέρμαι) of the head seized those who were previously healthy, and redness (ἐρύθημα) and swelling of the eyes.
τὰ ἐντός, ἥ τε φάρυγξ καὶ ἡ γλῶσσα, εὐθὺς αἱματώδη ἦν καὶ πνεῦμα ἄτοπον καὶ δυσῶδες ἠφίει
and shortly (εὐθὺς) the insides, such as the throat and tongue, were bloody and emitted (ἠφίει) unnatural and foul (δυσώδης) air (πνεῦμα).
πταρμὸς καὶ βράγχος
sneezing and horseness
καὶ ὁπότε ἐς τὴν καρδίαν στηρίξειεν, ἀνέστρεφέ τε αὐτὴν
and when it fixed (στηρίξειεν) to the stomach, it upset it
ἀποκαθάρσεις χολῆς πᾶσαι ὅσαι ὑπὸ ἰατρῶν ὠνομασμέναι εἰσὶν ἐπῇσαν
the purging of bile of all kinds that are named by doctors came up
λύγξ τε τοῖς πλέοσιν ἐνέπιπτε κενή, σπασμὸν ἐνδιδοῦσα ἰσχυρόν,
in most cases empty retched followed, causing (ἐνδιδοῦσα) violent spasms
λωφήσαντα
aor part λωφάω
give up
καὶ τὸ μὲν ἔξωθεν ἁπτομένῳ σῶμα οὔτ᾽ ἄγαν θερμὸν ἦν οὔτε χλωρόν
the outside of the body was not very hot to the touch (ἅπτω mp part) nor sickly in colour
ἀλλ᾽ ὑπέρυθρον, πελιτνόν, φλυκταίναις μικραῖς καὶ ἕλκεσιν ἐξηνθηκός
but redding, livid and breaking out (ἐξηνθηκός) in small blisters and ulcers
ἐξηνθηκός sg pf part ἐξανθέω
τὰ δὲ ἐντὸς οὕτως ἐκάετο ὥστε μήτε τῶν πάνυ λεπτῶν ἱματίων καὶ σινδόνων τὰς ἐπιβολὰς μηδ᾽ ἄλλο τι ἢ γυμνοὶ ἀνέχεσθαι,
but the insides burned to such an extent that he could not bear (ἀνέχεσθαι) the very lightest (λεπτῶν) of clothing nor the throwing on of linen (σινδόνων) nor anything else other than (μηδ᾽ ἄλλο τι ἢ) being naked
3rd impf mp καίω
burn
καὶ πολλοὶ τοῦτο τῶν ἠμελημένων ἀνθρώπων καὶ ἔδρασαν ἐς φρέατα, τῇ δίψῃ ἀπαύστῳ ξυνεχόμενοι
and many of those who had been neglected (ἠμελημένων) threw themselves into wells, suffering from unending thirst
ἠμελημένων pf mp part ἀμελέω
καὶ ἐν τῷ ὁμοίῳ καθειστήκει τό τε πλέον καὶ ἔλασσον ποτόν.
it was placed in the same way, whether they drink more or less
καὶ ἡ ἀπορία τοῦ μὴ ἡσυχάζειν καὶ ἡ ἀγρυπνία ἐπέκειτο διὰ παντός
the difficulty of not being able to rest and the sleeplessness laid on them through everything
τὸ σῶμα, ὅσονπερ χρόνον καὶ ἡ νόσος ἀκμάζοι, οὐκ ἐμαραίνετο, ἀλλ᾽ ἀντεῖχε παρὰ δόξαν τῇ ταλαιπωρίᾳ,
the body did not waste away (ἐμαραίνετο) as long as the plague flourished, but held out against expectation (παρὰ δόξαν) of the suffering
ἀντεῖχε hold out c dat
ὥστε ἢ διεφθείροντο οἱ πλεῖστοι ἐναταῖοι καὶ ἑβδομαῖοι ὑπὸ τοῦ ἐντὸς καύματος, ἔτι ἔχοντές τι δυνάμεως
so that when most of them died on the ninth or seventh day from internal burning, they still had some strength
ἢ εἰ διαφύγοιεν, ἐπικατιόντος τοῦ νοσήματος ἐς τὴν κοιλίαν καὶ ἑλκώσεώς τε αὐτῇ ἰσχυρᾶς ἐγγιγνομένης καὶ διαρροίας ἅμα ἀκράτου ἐπιπιπτούσης οἱ πολλοὶ ὕστερον δι᾽ αὐτὴν ἀσθενείᾳ διεφθείροντο.
or if they escaped (that part), the sickness descended into the bowls and caused violent ulcers in there with severe diarrhoea set in (ἐπιπιπτούσης), most later died through this by weakness
διεξῄει γὰρ διὰ παντὸς τοῦ σώματος ἄνωθεν ἀρξάμενον τὸ ἐν τῇ κεφαλῇ πρῶτον ἱδρυθὲν κακόν,
the disorder (κακον) first settled (ἱδρυθὲν aor pass part) on the head, then spread down beginning from above throughout the whole body
καὶ εἴ τις ἐκ τῶν μεγίστων περιγένοιτο, τῶν γε ἀκρωτηρίων ἀντίληψις αὐτοῦ ἐπεσήμαινεν.
and if someone escaped (περιγένοιτο) this disaster, the attack (ἀντίληψις) left its mark on the extremities
κατέσκηπτε γὰρ ἐς αἰδοῖα καὶ ἐς ἄκρας χεῖρας καὶ πόδας, καὶ πολλοὶ στερισκόμενοι τούτων διέφευγον
for it attacked the private parts and fingers and toes, and many who escape the disease were left/deprived (στερισκόμενοι) of them
τοὺς δὲ καὶ λήθη ἐλάμβανε παραυτίκα ἀναστάντας τῶν πάντων ὁμοίως, καὶ ἠγνόησαν σφᾶς τε αὐτοὺς καὶ τοὺς ἐπιτηδείους.
loss of all memory (λήθη) seized others who have just recovered, and could not recognise themselves or their friends (ἐπιτηδείους)
κρεῖσσον λόγου
beyond description
