Through the Eyes of the Ego Flashcards
Our perceptions of the w__ and o__ are s__ and more likely to be b__ than we often r__.
world, ourselves, subjective, biased, realize
Perceiving Ourselves:
-“b__ than a__ effect” tendency to evaluate o__ more f__ than o__.
~making d__ social comparisons
~using s__-e__ motivation
-The effect is seen in virtually every d__.
~tr__, be__, dr__, et__, se_, wo__, pr__
ex: going to heaven: self =__%, mother Teresa= __%
-Also an ‘o__ bias’ or ‘illusion of i__’
~see ourselves as __ likely to get a d__, have an a__, have d__, or m__.
better, average, oneself, favorably, others
downward
self-enhancement
dimension
traits, behaviors, driving, ethics, sex, work, prejudice
87%, 79%
optimistic, invulnerability
less, divorce, accident, depression, misfortune
Moderating Variables of Biased Self-Perceptions:
-i__/d__ effect
-Less bias when traits are ‘u__’
~ex: intellect (if you think it’s completely g__ and out of your c__ you’re less likely to show “b__ than a__ effect”)
-More bias when people give their own d__ for traits.
increase, decrease
uncontrollable
genetic, control, better, average
definitions
Self-Serving Attributions:
-M__ O__ Effect: people like things t__ own more than what o__ own.
~b__ loyalty (ph__, ca__, pe__, ki__).
-Generalization of s__ bias.
~our t__ are an e__ of o__.
ex: NLE (N__ L__ Effect).
-hypothesized that it could also effect where you l__ and what j__ you choose.
~ex: more m__’s in m__
Found effect for f__ and l__ names and o__.
mere ownership
they, others
brand (phones, cars, pets, kids)
self
things, extension, ourselves
name letter
live, job
michelle’s, michigan
first, last, occupations
Judging Other People:
-if people s__ something with us then we’re less likely to j__ harshly.
Ex: same h__, h__ s__.
Ex2: Rasputin
-historical Russian figure with very n__ reputation
-matched bio to have the same b__ as participants.
~Suddenly they liked him __ if he shared the participant’s birthday.
share, judge
hometown, high school
negative
birthday
more
False C__ Effect:
-people o__ their own b__ and a__ in the p__.
-believe you’re in the m__ when you’re n__.
~”Everyone believes the s__ thing as me, right!?”
More common for n__ attributes.
- “Everyone s__ every once and awhile.”
- “Most people skip out on e__.”
- G__ O__ “Everyone says those things.”
Not as likely with p__ aspects.
- “False U__ Effect”: we want to believe that our p__ qualities are s__.
ex: your h__ isn’t as special if most people are just as f__ as you.
consensus
overestimate, behaviors, attitudes, population
majority, not
same
negative
steals
exercising
gary oldman
positive
uniqueness
positive, special
humor, funny
False Uniqueness Effect: First Names
-Kulig, 2013
Participants estimated their o__ first name as __ frequently used.
- didn’t matter if it was truly r__ or c__; m__ or f__.
- participants also preferred r__ first names in general
own, less
rare, common, male, female
rarer
Bias B__ S__: People believe that they are __ susceptible to b__ of all kinds, compared to o__.
Pronin et al., 2002:
-found usual effect: __% of students thought they were b__ than the a__ student.
~then explained “b__-than-a__ effect”
~only __% conceded that they might be b__.
blind spot
less, bias, others
87%, better, average
better, average
25%, biased
Cost of Distortion: is all of this bias helpful or harmful?
Harmful:
a) unlikely to i__ yourself if you’re so biased
b) create n__ in r__.
c) try for j__, r__, and l__ that you c__ have.
improve
negativity, relationships
jobs, relationships, life, can’t
Cost of Distortion: is all of this bias helpful or harmful?
Helpful:
a) reduces ___ emotions & increases ___.
- increased positive i__–>more likely to be h__.
- some evidence that relationship could be c__ (aka. if you b__ in yourself because you’re b__ you a__ in ways that eventually help you actually s__.)
- P__ moods are associated with h__ behaviors.
negative, positive
illusions, happy
causal, believe, biased, act, succeed
positive, helping
Cost of Distortion: is all of this bias helpful or harmful?
Helpful:
b) enhances m__ and p__.
- increased positive illusions–> working l__ and h__.
- increased positive illusions–> see their c__ and f__ performances as more __ (even when they a__)
- can create positive s__-f__ prophecies.
motivation, persistence
longer, harder
current, future, positive, aren’t
self-fulfilling
Cost of Distortion: is all of this bias helpful or harmful?
Helpful:
c) Positive i__ can enhance r__.
- distortion harms relationships with g__/c__ working toward c__ goal but helps with c__ others because thinking y__ amazing extends to a b__ view of those you’re c__ to.
- generalize our i__ to c__ others
ex: self-serving bias
- thinking your husband/friend __ because of who they are (not the situation) and __ because of the situation (not who they are).
- when they fail–> blame the s__.
illusions, relationships
groups/colleagues, common, close, you’re, biased, close
illusions, close
succeeds, fails
situation
