Implicit Self and Identity Flashcards
Implicit Self-Esteem: an a__ and n__ c__ evaluation of the self that guides s__ reactions to s__-r__ stimuli.
automatic, non-conscious, self, spontaneous, self-relevant
Implicit Self-Esteem Measures:
1) Self-Esteem _ _ :
- associations between m/n_ m_ and g__/b__.
IAT
me, not me. good/bad
Implicit Self-Esteem Measures:
2) Implicit Self-Evaluation survey:
- primed with s__-r__ statements (“I am very sensitive to my inner thoughts and feelings.”)
- fill in word f__
ex: __ate, __ate, __ate, __ove, __ove, __ove
- could do h__ and l__ or o__ words.
- see what word f__ pops into mind i.e. h__ vs. m__.
self-relevant
fragments
hate, love, other
first, hate, mate
Implicit Self-Esteem Measures:
3) Initials & Birthday Preference Task:
- rank letters and numbers with idea that you should like letters in i__ and numbers in b__ the most.
-N__-L__-effect (NLE): when someone ranks their initials and birthday numbers p__, shows i__ self-esteem.
initials, birthday
name-letter, positively, implicit
Bosson et al., 2000:
-found that implicit measures of self-esteem are w__ correlated with each other (or n__ correlated at all).
-low c__ validity-suggests they are measuring d__ things.
weakly, not
convergent, different
The i__ and L__ P__ measures of implicit self-esteem have acceptable t__-r__ reliability (c__ results).
- others do n__
- these two are most p__ measures currently.
IAT, letter preference, test-retest, consistent
not
popular
Explicit and Implicit self-esteem are w__ correlated
-usually find r < .__
~can’t really fake __ self esteem but can fake __.
weakly
.30
implicit, explicit
The correlation between explicit and implicit self-esteem is affected by certain variables.
ex: Jordan, Whitfield & Ziegler-Hill (2007)
- those who trust their i__ have stronger correlations between explicit and implicit self esteem.
ex2: those with __ cognitive load (i.e. less ability to c__ think) showed higher correlations between explicit and implicit self esteem.
- cognitive load entails d__ tasks such as memorizing words while taking implicit self esteem test.
intuition
high, consciously
dual
Explicit and Implicit Self-Esteem predict different outcomes:
- implicit self-esteem predicts behaviors that are s__ or driven by e__.
ex: nonverbal a__ and n__ mood.
spontaneous, emotions
anxiety, negative
Researchers particularly interested in combinations between explicit and implicit self-esteem:
4 combinations:
1) “secure” self-esteem
- high __, high __
2) “defensive” self-esteem (f__)
- high __, low __
3) “discrepant” self-esteem (u__)
- low __, high __
4) “insecure” self-esteem
- low __, low __
explicit, implicit
fragile
explicit, implicit
unstable
explicit, implicit
explicit, implicit
Defensive Self Esteem (fragile) continued:
-combination of high __ and low __ self esteem
People are less f__, more a__ after receiving an apology.
- sensitive to cues of social r__.
- may become a__ when provoked
Why? defensive SE–> high n__ scores
explicit, implicit
forgiving, avoidant
rejection
aggressive
narcissism
Discrepant Self Esteem (unstable) continued:
-combination of low __ and high __ self esteem.
Hold themselves to __ standards, report more p__ and judge themselves h__.
ex: Cheng, Govorun, and Charland, 2012:
- completed self esteem measures while s__-a__ vs. c__.
- discrepant Self esteem people felt strongest n__ affect afterwards.
explicit, implicit
high, perfectionism, harshly
self-aware, control
negative
Implicit Self-Esteem in Context:
-s__ can affect i__ processes.
ex: Name letter effect not found after receiving f__ feedback on IQ test, however it reemerged after participants were able to a__ themselves.
What is self-affirmation?
- making participants reflect on what they are __ at.
- evidence of __ self-esteem, not just __.
situations, implicit
failure, affirm
good
state, trait
Implicit Self-Esteem and Culture:
-asian participants scored lower than white and black participants on __ self esteem.
-however, no __ differences have been found across cultures.
Why? being h__/m__ more valued in others cultures than in America.
trait
implicit
humble/modest
