Thrombosis Flashcards

1
Q

arterial thrombosis

A

inappropriate activation of platelets and clot formation in ciruclation

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2
Q

common cause of arterial thrombosis

A

atherosclerosis

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3
Q

myocardial infarction MI

A

blockage of arteries due to atheroscloeritc plaque

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4
Q

angina

A

narrowing of coronary arties due to plaque or vasospams

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5
Q

signs and symptoms of MI

A

central chest pain radiating out
sweating, nausea short breath
tachycardia
ECG

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6
Q

what is elevated in a Mi

A

troponin levels, creaine kinase

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7
Q

blockage stroke

A

thrombosis

ischeamic stroke

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8
Q

bleed stroke

A

heamorrhage stroke

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9
Q

TIA

A

transient ischaemic stroke, tetmporary clots

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10
Q

venous thrombosis

A

DVT

caused by inapproriate activation of coagulation

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11
Q

virchows triad

A

stasis of blood, increased coagulation

vessel wall injury

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12
Q

what will increase the risk of a venous thrombosis DVT

A

virchows triad

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13
Q

signs and symptoms of DVT

A

unilateral

  • pain
  • swelling, redness, heat
  • fever, malaise
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14
Q

diagnosis of DVT

A

venogram, X ray with contrast dye

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15
Q

what will increase the risk of a venous thrombosis

A

thrombophillia

can be inherited or acquired

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16
Q

inhereited causes of venous thrombosis

A

hyercaogulability or deficiencies in the inhibitors of caogulation

17
Q

what are natural inhibitors of coagulation

A
  • anti-thrombin III
  • protein C and protein S
  • thrombomodulin
  • plasminogen
18
Q

actions of protein C and S

A

serine protease and cofactor
- thrombin binds thromobmodulin
- protein C and S bind forming a complex
this deactivates the factors in negative regulation

19
Q

types of inherited thrombophillia

A
antithrombin III deficiency
protein C defieciency
protein S defieicncy
factor V leiden
prothombin allele
dysfinrinogenaemia
may-thurner syndrome
20
Q

antithromin 3 deficiency

A

inherited thrombophillia
unable to degrade thrombin and clotting factors
autosomal
- quanititiative form: low levels of antithrombin
- qualitative form: normal amount but it doesnt work well

21
Q

protein C deficiency

A

inhereited thrombophillia

  • quanititiative form: low levels of protein C
  • qualitative form: normal amount but it doesnt work well
22
Q

protein S deficiency

A
inherited thrombophillia
- quanititative
-qualitative
- free protein S reduced but total amount normal
high risk of DVT
women at risk
23
Q

fctor V/5 leiden

A

inherited thrombophilia
mutation to factor 5 cant be inhibited by protein C
very common cause of thrombophillia

24
Q

prothrombin G20210A allele

A

inherited thrombophillia

genetic mutated verios of prothrombin elevating levels making thrombosis risk higher

25
Q

dysfinrinigenaemia

A

dysfunctional fibrinogen which can cause thrombosis or haemohare
pretty rare

26
Q

may-thurner syndrome

A

congenital anatomic variation predisposing to DVT in the left leg
compression of the left common iliac vein by the right common iliac artery causis stasis

27
Q

causes of acquire thrombophilia

A
Previous thrombosis
Age
Immobilisation
Surgery
Malignancy
Oral contraceptives
Hormone replacement therapy
Antiphospholipid syndrome
Essential thrombocytosis
Polycythaemia vera
Paroxysmal nocturnal haemaglobinuria
28
Q

how can malignancy lead to a higher DVT risk

A

tumour cells might express tissue factors which are needed for the extrinsic cascade
occult (unknown) cancers should be invetigated in these cases

29
Q

what is anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome

A

lupud anticoagulat/stick blood sydrome
not fully understood
Ab made against phospholipid which are needed for surface for coagulaton messes things up!

30
Q

essential thrombocytosis or thrombocythaemia

A

acquired thrombphillia
raised plateler count causing thrombosis or bleeding
it is a myeloproliferative neoplasma

31
Q

myeloproliferative neoplasm

A

excess production of myeoid blood ccells

eg essential thrombocytosis or thrombocytheaemia

32
Q

what is polycythaemia Rubra vera

A

another myeloproliferative neoplama
excess RBC
raised Hct and HGB
thickening of blood slows the flow of blood causing stasis increasing risk of thrombosis

33
Q

what is paraxysmal nocturnal haemaglobinuria

A

lysis of RBC leadsing to Hb in urine that accumulates overnight
loss of GIP anchors on the surface of RBC, proteins missing
leads to: haemolyic anaemia and venous thrombosis