Endocrine disorders Flashcards
how is diabetes diagnosed
blood gluoselevels
grey tube EDTA
fasting glucse normal evel
7
random plasma glucose diabetes level
above 11
glucosetolerance test
75g given orally
measured after 2hrs for clearance rates
diabetes mellitus diagnostic indicator
haemoglobin become glycated (HbA1c) and this reflects the glucose levels over 2-3 months and is used as a diagnostic indicator
excess insulin
insulinoma, benign tumour that causes hypoglycaemia
diagnosis of insulioma
prolonged fasting and measuring proinsulin levels
how is an insulinoma treated
surgical removal
oral diazoxide
HPT axis
ypo-pit-thyroid axis Hypothalamus makes TRH Pituitary releases TSH Goes to thyroid to then release T4 T4 isn't reactive form so converted into T3 by liver or kidney Active form now Works slowly, long term regulation Feedback loop affect hypothalamus
hypothyroidism
low T3/4 hormones but more TRH and TSH as no neg feedback loop everything slow sllowHR weight gain tiredness costiapaton slow thinking
hyperthryoidism
too much T3/4 leading to low TRH and TSH everything fast -fast HR -weight loss - diarrhoae
primary adrenal insufficency
addinsons disease
- lack of cortisol
- failure of adrenals
- treated with steroid replacement
clinical signs of addinsons disease
- lethargy
- hyperpigmentation
- abdominal pain
- ddhydration
diagnosis of addinsons disase
measure serum cortisol and electrolytes, they will be low
short synacthen test
short synacthen test
dynamic function test
synacthen is analogue of ATCH which s given and then samles are taken to test for cortisol levels
in addinsons, little o nw cortisol made after the test
cushings disease
excess corisol
diagnosic test for cushings syndrome
dexametasome supression test dynamic function test - adminster dexamethasome - in nroam cortisol should be supressed in chusnds it will be excess
causes of cushings syndrome
adrenal tumour
pituitary tumour
ectopic tumour making ATCh
excess GH in adults
giagntism
hyperprolactinamia
high serum prolactin
treatment of hyperproactinaemia
- rugs to supress prolactin secretion and shrink a tumour
- surgery to remove pituitaryparts
