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Clinical Biomed yr2 > Autoimmunity > Flashcards

Autoimmunity Flashcards

1
Q

tolerane

A

ability to recognise self tissue and antigens

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2
Q

autoimmunity

A

breakdown of self tolerance

production of auto antibodies causing autoimmunity

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3
Q

aetiology of autoimmunity

A
  • genetic predisopsition
  • triggering event such as envionment or hormones
  • immune regulation break in tolerance
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4
Q

what are the types of break down in tolerance leading to autimmunity?

A
  1. molecular mimicry

2. defensive apoptosis B cells kill cells

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5
Q

organ specific autoimmunty

A

mysasthenia gravis

haemolytic anaemia

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6
Q

no organ specific autoimmunity

A

rheumatic arthiritis

SLE

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7
Q

ANA

A

antinuclear antibodies

type of AB binding to the nucleus

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8
Q

how are ANAs detected

A

patient serum added to slide and incubated
any ANAs in sample with bind to substrate on slide
additon o a labelled IgG will be viewed under flourscence

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9
Q

what substrates are used for ANA testing

A

Hep 2/2000 or rodent tissue

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10
Q

ANA substrate slides

A

slides coated with substrates for ANAs

  • rodent tissue
  • Hep-2 cells
  • Hep 2000 ells
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11
Q

outline the cell cycle

A 
G0
- cell cycle arrest
G1
- cellular building blocks made and chromosomes duplicated
S
- synthesis of building blocks
G2
- cell double checks everyhing making repairs before divisoion
Mitosis
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12
Q

negative ANA

A

no discernable pattern

DO NOT confuse intesitity with positive result

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13
Q

Homogenous ANA result

A
  • interphase cells seen
    smooth staining, nucleoi seen
  • metphase
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14
Q

clinical relevance of homoegeous ANA

A

SLE

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15
Q

speckled ANA

A

interphase, speckled nucleus

metaphase mitotic cells

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16
Q

clinical significance of speckled ANA

A

SLE and Sjogrens syndrome

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17
Q

nucleolar ANA

A

interhase cells stain only nucloli

18
Q

clinical significance of nucleolar ANA

A

systemic sclerosis and polymyositsis

19
Q

centromere ANA

A

interphase cells with 4 discrene speckles evenly around nucleus
speckles can align in metaphase

20
Q

clinical relevance of centreomere ANA

A

seen in CREST

21
Q

Hep-2000 antigens

A

SS-A/RO

some interphase cells hyperexpress this antigen leading to tronger nucleolr and speckled staining

22
Q

cytoplasmic antigens

A

ANA can also be used to report cytoplasmic patterns

  • cytoskeleton
  • mitochinidra proteins
  • ribosomal antigens
  • organelles
23
Q

cytoskeltal antibodies

A

mitotic spindle stained

24
Q

mitochndrial Antibodies

A

cytoplasmic pattern

25
Q

ribosomal antibodies

A

cloudy fine speckling in cytoplam

26
Q

what is titering?

A

deterimes amount of AB present to give indication of disease

used when mixed patterns of ANA is seen and helps separate the patterns for identifcation

27
Q

what is ENA

A

extracable nuclear antigen

28
Q

what kinds of DNA testing can be done as a follow up from ANA testing

A

ELISA test

  • dsDNA antigen added to patient serum
  • series of inbuaton and washing stages
  • plate read at wavelengh to determine IgG DNA
29
Q

ENA testing

A

ENA antigens added to patient sereum
can determine IgG ENA
can quanitfy antibody amount

30
Q

what are systemic rheumatic disases

A

sytemic rheumatic diseases

non-organ specific and cause varied symptoms

31
Q

what is SLE

A

systemic lupus erythmeatous

32
Q

what does SLE affect

A 
lungs
heart
kidneys
arthuritis joints
circulation< rayaulds
33
Q

aetiology of SLE

A

underlying cause not fully known

34
Q

what is drug induced SLE

A

can be cause by a hypersensitivity reaction to a medication triggering the autoimmunity

35
Q

ANA pattern for SLE

A

homogenous or speckled

36
Q

SLE symptoms

A 
arthralgai
fever
arthritis
skin rash
anaemia
renal invovlement
pleuisy
butterfly rash
photosensitivity
hari loss
raynaulds
seizures
ulcers
37
Q

treatment of SLE

A

no cure nly management

  • protection against phosensitivtyi with cloting and creams
  • NSAIDS, nonsteriodial anti inflamatory meds for arthiritis and pleurisy
  • cortiocosteriods for rashes
38
Q

what about the more serious symptoms of SLE like aeneamie, heart invovlement and lung and liver too

A

requires high dose corticosteriods
cyttoxic drugs to block cell growth
specialise doctors

39
Q

SLE prognosis

A

improved over past few eyars
early treatment is key for long term progress
SLE in adults less serious than in children

40
Q

examples of other autoimmune disaeses

A 
SLE
sjogrens syndrome
scleroderma
raynaunds 
dermatomyosis

Clinical Biomed yr2 (22 decks)

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