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Y2 ENT > Throat Disease > Flashcards

Throat Disease Flashcards

1
Q

what are the four things on the centor criteria?

A

history of fever
tonsils exudates
tender anterior cervical lymphadenopathy
absence of cough

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2
Q

what is done if someone has less than 2 points on the centor score?

A

no antibiotic or culture needed

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3
Q

what is done if someone has 2-3 points on the centor score?

A

throat culture

treat if culture positive

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4
Q

what is done if someone has >3 on the centor score?

A

treat with an antibiotic

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5
Q

in the modified centor score, what is done if someone is under the age of 15?

A

add a point

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6
Q

in the modified centor score, what is done if someone is over the age of 44?

A

subtract a point

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7
Q

what is the most common causes of tonsillitis?

A

viruses

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8
Q

what are the three most common bacterial causes of tonsillitis?

A

strep pyogenes
h influenza
staph aureus

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9
Q

what is quinsy?

A

a peritonsillar abscess

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10
Q

what are the symptoms of a viral tonsillitis?

A

malaise
sore throat
temperature

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11
Q

how long does viral tonsillitis last?

A

3-4 days

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12
Q

what are the symptoms of a bacterial tonsillitis?

A

systemic upset
fever
odynophagia
halitosis

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13
Q

how long does bacterial tonsillitis last?

A

around a week

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14
Q

how is bacterial tonsillitis managed?

A

antibiotics

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15
Q

what score is used to determine if people need antibiotics for tonsillitis?

A

feverPAIN

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16
Q

what are the five criteria in the feverPAIN score?

A 
fever 
purulence 
attend rapidly 
severely inflamed tonsils 
no cough/coryza
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17
Q

what supportive management is recommended for tonsillitis?

A

eat and drink
rest
analgesia

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18
Q

what antibiotics are given for tonsillitis?

A

penicillin 500mg for 10 days

clarithromycin if penicillin allergic

19
Q

what antibiotic should not be given for tonsillitis and why?

A

amoxicillin

could be glandular fever. - causes a reaction

20
Q

what is the a risk of in tonsillectomy?

A

haemorrhage

21
Q

what is quinsy a complication of?

A

acute tonsillitis

22
Q

what causes quinsy?

A

bacteria gets in between the muscle and the tonsil and starts to produce pus

23
Q

how does quinsy present?

A

unilateral throat pain
odynophagia
trismus

24
Q

what is seen upon examination of the mouth in quinsy?

A

medial displacement of the tonsil

uvula displaced away from the affected side

25
Q

how is quinsy managed?

A

aspiration of pus

antibiotics

26
Q

what is another name for glandular fever?

A

infectious mononucleosis

27
Q

what causes glandular fever?

A

epstein barr virus (EBV)

28
Q

how is glandular fever diagnosed?

A

atypical lymphocytes
positive monospot or paul bunnell test
low CRP

29
Q

how is glandular fever managed?

A

symptomatic treatment
antibiotics
steroids

30
Q

what does giving amoxicillin in glandular fever cause?

A

a generalised macular rash

31
Q

what can be affected by obstructive hyperplasia?

A

adenoids

tonsils

32
Q

how does obstructive hyperplasia of the adenoids present?

A

mouth breathing
hypo nasal voice
sleep apnoea

33
Q

how does obstructive hyperplasia of the tonsils present?

A

sleep apnoea

muffled voice

34
Q

what are other names for glue ear?

A

otitis media with effusion (OME)

serous otitis media (SOM)

35
Q

what is glue ear?

A

inflammation of the middle ear accompanied by accumulation of fluid

36
Q

who is more commonly affected by glue ear?

A

more common in males

children

37
Q

what are the risk factors for glue ear?

A

nursery
older siblings
smoking households
recurrent URTI’s

38
Q

what are the symptoms of glue ear?

A

hearing loss
learning and behaviour problems
speech delay

39
Q

what is the initial management of glue ear?

A

watchful waiting for three months

40
Q

if not better at three months, what should be done for glue ear?

A

review and do further/repeat investigations

41
Q

when is glue ear referred?

A

persistent >3/12
conductive hearing loss
speech problems

42
Q

what is the surgical management for glue ear under 3 years?

A

grommets

43
Q

what is the surgical management for glue ear in people over 3 who have not had interventions before?

A

grommets

44
Q

what is the surgical management for glue ear in people over 3 who have had interventions before?

A

grommets

adenoidectomy

Y2 ENT (24 decks)

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