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Y2 ENT > Physiology: Hearing and Balance > Flashcards

Physiology: Hearing and Balance Flashcards

1
Q

what is sound?

A

a pressure wave caused by oscillating molecules

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2
Q

what dictates the pitch of a sound?

A

frequency of oscillations

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3
Q

what dictates the volume of a soudn?

A

amplitude

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4
Q

what is the range of frequencies that can be heard?

A

20-20,000

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5
Q

what is the role of the external ear in hearing?

A

receives sound

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6
Q

what is the role of the middle ear in hearing?

A

amplifies sound

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7
Q

what is the role of the inner ear in hearing?

A

receives and transduces sound

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8
Q

what in the ear works to amplify a sound?

A

the ossicular chain in the middle ear

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9
Q

what two things make up the cochlea?

A

curved spiral lamina

three coiled tubes of liquid

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10
Q

what are the three coiled tubes of liquid in the cochlea called?

A

scala media
scala tympani
scala vestibuli

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11
Q

what are the two openings of the cochlea in the middle ear?

A

oval window

round window

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12
Q

what do the windows of the cochlea allow?

A

transmission of the pressure wave

vibration of the basilar membrane

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13
Q

what effect does vibration of the basilar membrane have?

A

vibrates the hair cells

generates an AP

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14
Q

what is the functional unit of the organ of corti?

A

the hair cell

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15
Q

what route is taken by AP’s generated by hair cells?

A

CN VII to the cochlear nucleus

pass to the primary auditory cortex

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16
Q

where is the primary auditory cortex found?

A

the left posterior superior temporal gyrus

17
Q

what acts as the ventilation system for the middle ear mucosa?

A

eustachian tube

18
Q

what is the cartilage portion of the eustachian tube like at rest?

A

closed

19
Q

what muscles can open the eustachian tube?

A

tensor veli palatini

levator palatine muscles

20
Q

what does dysfunction of the eustachian tube lead to?

A

negative middle ear pressure

21
Q

what are the five vestibular end organs?

A

three semi circular canals
utricle
saccule

22
Q

what are the longest hair cells called?

A

kinnocilium

23
Q

what are the shortest hair cells called?

A

sterocilia

Y2 ENT (24 decks)

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