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Y2 ENT > Anatomy of Swallowing > Flashcards

Anatomy of Swallowing Flashcards

1
Q

what is deglutition?

A

swallowing

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2
Q

what are the three phases of swallowing?

A

oral phase
pharyngeal phase
oesophageal phase

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3
Q

which phase of swallowing is voluntary?

A

oral

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4
Q

what is involved in the oral phase of swallowing?

A

mastication
bolus manipulation
formation of labial seal

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5
Q

what is involved in the pharyngeal phase of swallowing?

A

hyolaryngeal elevation

constriction of pharyngeal constrictor muscles

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6
Q

what is involved in the oesophageal phase of swallowing?

A

relaxation of the upper oesophageal sphincter

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7
Q

what nerve innervates the muscles of mastication?

A

CN V3

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8
Q

what muscle creates the labial seal during the oral phase of swallowing?

A

orbicularis oris

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9
Q

what nerve innervates the soft palate?

A

CN X

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10
Q

what depresses in the oral phase of swallowing to form an oropharyngeal seal?

A

the soft palate

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11
Q

what are the greater and lesser palatine nerves branches of?

A

the pterygopalatine ganglion

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12
Q

what modality does CN XII contain?

A

somatic motor only

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13
Q

what does CN XII supply in the mouth?

A

all muscles of the tongue except palatoglossus

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14
Q

where does CN XII extend from in the brain?

A

the medulla

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15
Q

how does CN XII leave the cranial cavity?

A

through the hypoglossal canal

descends close to the carotid sheath

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16
Q

how does CN XII enter the floor of the mouth?

A

courses lateral to hyoglossus

17
Q

what initiates the pharyngeal phase of swallowing?

A

delivery of the food bolus to the oropharynx

18
Q

how long does the pharyngeal phase of swallowing last?

A

less than a second

more than this suggests a problem

19
Q

what moves the hyoid bone superiorly and anteriorly in the pharyngeal phase of swallowing?

A

suprahyoid

longitudinal pharyngeal muscles

20
Q

what does hyolaryngeal elevation in the pharyngeal phase of swallowing achieve?

A

forces the epiglottis to cover the laryngeal aditus

protects the airway

21
Q

what is the upper oesophageal sphincter called?

A

the cricopharyngeus

22
Q

when does the oesophageal phase of swallowing start?

A

once the upper oesophageal sphincter has opened

23
Q

how long does the oesophageal phase of swallowing last?

A

8-20 seconds

24
Q

what innervates the cricopharyngeus?

A

external laryngeal nerve

recurrent laryngeal nerve

25
Q

what does the retropharyngeal space have communication with and what can this mean?

A

mediastinum

spread of infection between the two

26
Q

what does the pharyngeal plexus innervate?

A

the muscles of the soft palate and pharynx (except tensor veli palatini)

sensory component of the mucosa

27
Q

what forms the pharyngeal plexus?

A

CN IX

CN X

Y2 ENT (24 decks)

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