Clinical Anatomy of the Larynx and Speech

Question 1

what happens to the vocal folds during forced inspiration?

Answer 1

they abduct to allow passage of air

Question 2

what muscle abducts the vocal cords?

Answer 2

posterior cricoarytenoid

Question 3

what does contraction of the posterior cricoarytenoid cause?

Answer 3

lateral rotation at the cricoarytenoid joint

abducts vocal cords and widens rima glottidis

Question 4

what two things achieve the protective functions of the larynx?

Answer 4

glottic closure

cough reflex

Question 5

what is the aim of the protective function of the larynx?

Answer 5

closure of the rima glottidis to prevent anything getting into the respiratory tract

Question 6

what nerve innervates all intrinsic muscles of the larynx?

Answer 6

inferior laryngeal branch of CN X

Question 7

what type of muscle are the intrinsic muscles of the larynx?

Answer 7

skeletal

Question 8

what can the vocal cords do to increase pitch?

Answer 8

tense

Question 9

what can the vocal cords do to decrease pitch?

Answer 9

relax

Question 10

what can the vocal cords do to be quieter?

Answer 10

adduct

Question 11

what can the vocal cords do to be louder?

Answer 11

abduct

Question 12

what muscle relaxes the vocal ligaments?

Answer 12

thyroarytenoid

Question 13

where does the thyroarytenoid attach?

Answer 13

posterior thyroid

anterior arytenoid cartilage

Question 14

what muscle tenses the vocal ligaments?

Answer 14

cricothyroid

Question 15

where does the cricothyroid attach?

Answer 15

anterolateral cricoid cartilage to inferior horn of thyroid cartilage

Question 16

what nerve innervates the mucosa above the vocal folds?

Answer 16

internal laryngeal nerve

Question 17

what nerve innervates the mucosa below the vocal folds?

Answer 17

inferior laryngeal nerve

Question 18

which intrinsic laryngeal muscle is the only one not supplied by the inferior laryngeal nerve?

Answer 18

cricothyroid

Question 19

what lymph nodes do supraglottic tumours spread to?

Answer 19

deep cervical nodes

Question 20

how do glottic tumours present?

Answer 20

voice changes

airway obstruction

Question 21

where are most glottic tumours located and where do they spread to?

Answer 21

vocal cords

vast majority do not move

Question 22

what lymph nodes to subglottic tumours spread to?

Answer 22

paratracheal nodes

Question 23

how do subglottic tumours present?

Answer 23

voice changes

airway obstruction

Question 24

what amplifies the sound produced in the larynx?

Answer 24

pharynx
oral cavity
nasal cavity