Thorax: Vasculature and Nerves Flashcards
What are the five branches of the subclavian artery?
- Vertebral a.
- Cosocervical trunk
- Superficial cervical a.
- Internal thoracic a.
- Axiallary a.
How is the left subclavian artery different in dogs?
It branches off the aortic arch by itself, it does not come off the brachiocephalic trunk
Where do the left and right common carotid arteries branch from?
Brachiocephalic trunk
What does the brachiocephalictrunk turn into in dogs after the common carotids branch off?
Right subclavian artery
What do large animals have that carnivores do not, relating to the carotid arteries?
Bicarotid trunk
What does the caudal vena cava drain?
abdomen
What does the cranial vena cava drain?
brachiocephalic veins
What two veins join to form the brachiocephalic vein?
external jugular and subclavian vv.
What does the azygous vein drain?
intercostal and first lumbar vv.
Azygous veins of:
Horses
Carnivores
Pigs
Ruminants
Horses/Carnivores = R azygous v.
Pigs = L azygous v.
Ruminants = L and R azygous vv.
Azygous
unpaired vein
What two veins drain the area between the heart and the diaphragm?
Azygous v. (central/dorsal)
Internal thoracic v. (ventral)
Location of Tracheobronchial Lymph Nodes
at the carina
Carina
the division of the bronchus
Five Places to find Mediastinal Lymph Nodes
Cranial, middle, caudal, ventral, dorsal
Thoracic duct
Lymphatic structure that drains all the the lymph nodes of the thorax and collects lymph from the abdomen
Cisterna chyli
lymphatic resevoir in the abdomen that drains into the thoracic duct
Chylothorax
Lymph in the thoracic cavity
Where does the thoracic duct drain?
Left subclavian v.
(also could be L external jugular v. or L brachiocephalic v.)
Two Components of the Vagosympathetic Trunk
- Vagus nerve (parasympathetic)
- Sympathetic fibers
Phrenic Nerve
Branches of cervical nerves C5, C6, C7 and innervates the diaphragm
Which cranial nerve is the vagus nerve?
Cranial nerve X
3 Major Branches of the Vagus Nerve where it splits at the middle cervical ganglion
- Cardiac nerves
- Branches to bronchi and lungs
- L and R Dorsal and ventral vagal branches (which come back together caudally to form the dorsal and ventral vagal trunks)
Recurrent Caudal Laryngeal nn.
branches of the vagus n. that innervate esophagus, trachea, and larynx
run along the side of the trachea
Ansa subclavia
loop that provides communication bewteen the middle cervical ganglion and the cervicothoracic ganglion
What two nerves branch from the cervicothoracic ganglion?
- Vertebral n. (goes cranial and followss vertebral a.)
- Sympathetic trunk and chain ganglia (caudally)
What does the internal thoracic artery branch into (2)?
- Musculophrenic a. (heads dorsally)
- Cranial epigastric a. (caudal)
Costocervical trunk
branches off the subclavian artery and goes deep into the neck
Do the carotid arteries supply anything in the neck?
No
