Thorax: Vasculature and Nerves

Question 1

What are the five branches of the subclavian artery?

Answer 1

1. Vertebral a.
2. Cosocervical trunk
3. Superficial cervical a.
4. Internal thoracic a.
5. Axiallary a.

Question 2

How is the left subclavian artery different in dogs?

Answer 2

It branches off the aortic arch by itself, it does not come off the brachiocephalic trunk

Question 3

Where do the left and right common carotid arteries branch from?

Answer 3

Brachiocephalic trunk

Question 4

What does the brachiocephalictrunk turn into in dogs after the common carotids branch off?

Answer 4

Right subclavian artery

Question 5

What do large animals have that carnivores do not, relating to the carotid arteries?

Answer 5

Bicarotid trunk

Question 6

What does the caudal vena cava drain?

Answer 6

abdomen

Question 7

What does the cranial vena cava drain?

Answer 7

brachiocephalic veins

Question 8

What two veins join to form the brachiocephalic vein?

Answer 8

external jugular and subclavian vv.

Question 9

What does the azygous vein drain?

Answer 9

intercostal and first lumbar vv.

Question 10

Azygous veins of:
Horses
Carnivores
Pigs
Ruminants

Answer 10

Horses/Carnivores = R azygous v.
Pigs = L azygous v.
Ruminants = L and R azygous vv.

Question 11

Azygous

Answer 11

unpaired vein

Question 12

What two veins drain the area between the heart and the diaphragm?

Answer 12

Azygous v. (central/dorsal)
Internal thoracic v. (ventral)

Question 13

Location of Tracheobronchial Lymph Nodes

Answer 13

at the carina

Question 14

Carina

Answer 14

the division of the bronchus

Question 15

Five Places to find Mediastinal Lymph Nodes

Answer 15

Cranial, middle, caudal, ventral, dorsal

Question 16

Thoracic duct

Answer 16

Lymphatic structure that drains all the the lymph nodes of the thorax and collects lymph from the abdomen

Question 17

Cisterna chyli

Answer 17

lymphatic resevoir in the abdomen that drains into the thoracic duct

Question 18

Chylothorax

Answer 18

Lymph in the thoracic cavity

Question 19

Where does the thoracic duct drain?

Answer 19

Left subclavian v.
(also could be L external jugular v. or L brachiocephalic v.)

Question 20

Two Components of the Vagosympathetic Trunk

Answer 20

1. Vagus nerve (parasympathetic)
2. Sympathetic fibers

Question 21

Phrenic Nerve

Answer 21

Branches of cervical nerves C5, C6, C7 and innervates the diaphragm

Question 22

Which cranial nerve is the vagus nerve?

Answer 22

Cranial nerve X

Question 23

3 Major Branches of the Vagus Nerve where it splits at the middle cervical ganglion

Answer 23

1. Cardiac nerves
2. Branches to bronchi and lungs
3. L and R Dorsal and ventral vagal branches (which come back together caudally to form the dorsal and ventral vagal trunks)

Question 24

Recurrent Caudal Laryngeal nn.

Answer 24

branches of the vagus n. that innervate esophagus, trachea, and larynx

run along the side of the trachea

Question 25

Ansa subclavia

Answer 25

loop that provides communication bewteen the middle cervical ganglion and the cervicothoracic ganglion

Question 26

What two nerves branch from the cervicothoracic ganglion?

Answer 26

1. Vertebral n. (goes cranial and followss vertebral a.)
2. Sympathetic trunk and chain ganglia (caudally)

Question 27

What does the internal thoracic artery branch into (2)?

Answer 27

1. Musculophrenic a. (heads dorsally)
2. Cranial epigastric a. (caudal)

Question 28

Costocervical trunk

Answer 28

branches off the subclavian artery and goes deep into the neck

Question 29

Do the carotid arteries supply anything in the neck?

Answer 29

No