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603 Anatomy > Muscles of the Neck and Trunk > Flashcards

Muscles of the Neck and Trunk Flashcards

1
Q

Cutaneus omobrachialis

A

cutaneous muscle covering the shoulder, well developed in the equid

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2
Q

Cutaneus colli

A

in theneck, has clinical relevance in stallions

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3
Q

Hypaxial muscles

A

muscles below the transverse processes of the vertebrae

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4
Q

Epaxial muscles

A

muscles above the transverse processes of the vertebrae

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5
Q

General Functions of the Hypaxial mm.

A

felx the neck and tail, inspiration/expiration, aids in urination/defecation, partuition and locomotion

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6
Q

Superficial Muscles of the Neck

A

Sternocephalicus
Sternohyoideus
Sternothyroideus
Brachiocephalicus
(omohyoideus in horses)

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7
Q

Caudal attachment of the sternocephalicus?

A

Manubrium

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8
Q

Manubrium

A

first sternabrae

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9
Q

Parts of the Sternocephalicus in the Dog

A

Occipital part (dorsal)
Mastoid part (ventral)

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10
Q

Parts of the Sternocephalicus in Ruminants

A

Mastoid part
Mandibular part

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11
Q

Parts of the Sternocephalicus in Horses

A

Mandibular part

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12
Q

Hyoid apparatus

A

supports the larynx

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13
Q

Deep Muscles of the Neck

A

Longus capitus
Longus colli

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14
Q

Where does the sternothyroideus end?

A

at the thyroid cartilage

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15
Q

Where does longus colli end?

A

runs along ventral midline and ends in the thorax

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16
Q

Where does the esophagus sit?

A

Dosal and left of midline

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17
Q

Choke

A

common condition in horses; esophagus cannot expnd wider than the thoracic inlet

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18
Q

Is the trachea perfectly round?

A

No, it is flat on the dorsal surface.

C-shaped cartilagenous rings connected by CT and tracheal muscles

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19
Q

Thymus

A

on the heart, big when you’re young and shrinks with age

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20
Q

What is encapsulated in the carotid sheath? (4)

A

Common carotid artery
Internal jugular vein
Vagosympathetic trunk
Tracheal trunk (lymphatic)

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21
Q

Do horses have a jugular?

A

YES but just one, no internal or external

22
Q

Borders of the Jugular Groove: Dorsal, Ventral, Medial?

A

Dorsal = brachiocephalicus
Ventral = sternocephalicus
Medial = sternocephalicus in dogs/ruminants, omohyoideus in horses

23
Q

Omohyoideus m.

A

most developed in horses, kind of in ruminants and separates the external jugular v. and carotid a.

24
Q

Blood Draws and Cutaneus Colli in Stallions

A

cutaneus colli m. is very thick in stallions so you have to angle your needle differently, or pick a better place in the neck

25
Q

Two Components of the Lymphatic System

A
  1. Lymphoid organs and tissues
  2. Lymphatic capillaries and vessels
26
Q

Deep Cervical Center

A

chain of lymph nodes along the trachea; clusters cranial, middle, and caudal

27
Q

Where does the tracheal trunk drain lymph?

A

External jugular v.

28
Q

Hemal Node

A

parts of diffuse lymphoid structures; contain blood in addition to lymph. Often found in the skin but also other places

29
Q

How many paired cervical spinal nerves are there?

A

Eight (8)

30
Q

Where do the spinal nerves of C1 pass through?

A

vertebral foramen of the atlas

31
Q

Where do the spinal nerves of C2-C8 pass through?

A

Intervertebral foramena

32
Q

Which branches of spinal nerves are bigger - ventral or dorsal?

A

Ventral

33
Q

Spinal Nerves of the Brachial Plexus

A

+/- C5, C6, C7, C8, T1, T2

34
Q

Spinal Nerve that goes through Omotransversarius?

A

C3

35
Q

Accessory nerve

A

runs along the neck dosal to the ventral branches off the spinal nerves

36
Q
A

serratus dorsalis cranialis m.

37
Q
A

serratus dorsalis cranialis

38
Q

Scalenus

A

starts in the neck, ends in the thoracic ribs and helps with ventilation

39
Q

Which way do the fibers of the external intercostal mm. go?

A

Caudoventral

40
Q

Which way do the fibers of the internal intercostal mm. go?

A

Caudodorsal

41
Q

What innervates the intercostal mm?

A

ventral branches of the thoracic spinal nerves

42
Q

Where in the intercostal space is the VAN triad?

A

caudal border of the rib

43
Q

Linea Alba

A

fused fascia and aponeuroses of the abdominal muscles
“white line”

44
Q

Innervation of the epaxial muscles?

A

Dorsal branches of the spinal nerves

45
Q

General function of the epaxial nerves

A

exensors of the vertebral column and lateral movement of the trunk

46
Q

3 Systems of the Epaxial Muscles

A
  1. Transversospinalis
  2. Longissimus
  3. Iliocostalis
47
Q

Muscles of the Transversospinalis System

A
  1. Splenius
  2. Semispinalis capitus (biventer cervicis and complexus)
48
Q

3 Parts of Longissimus System

A
  1. Capitus
  2. Cervicis
  3. Thoracis et lumborum
49
Q

2 Parts of Iliocostalis System

A
  1. Thoracis
  2. Lumborum
50
Q

What muscles can you split to visualize the nuchal ligament?

A

Biventer cervicis and complexus

51
Q

Label the muscles.

A

Red = longissimus capitus
Orange = longissimus cervicis
Green =longissimus thoracis et lumborum
Blue = iliocostalis thoracis
Purple = iliostalis lumborum

603 Anatomy (13 decks)

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