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603 Anatomy > Heart > Flashcards

Heart Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the right side of the heart pump blood to?

A

Lungs via pulmonary trunk

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2
Q

Which side of the heart is more cranial?

A

Right

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3
Q

What chamber is at the apex of the heart?

A

Left ventricle

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4
Q

How much of their blood can dogs pump through the heart in one minute? Horses? Humans?

A

Dogs = 80%
Horses = 100%
Humans = 60%

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5
Q

Base of the heart

A

Dorsal, where all the thiings branch out from

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6
Q

5 Layers of the Pericardium (from inside to outside)

A
  1. Epicardium
  2. Pericardial space
  3. Parietal serous pericardium
  4. Fibrous pericardium
  5. Mediastinal pericardial pleura
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7
Q

Sternopericardial ligament

A

part of fibrous pericardium that attaches heart to the sternum

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8
Q

Phrenicopericardal ligament

A

Part of the fibrous pericardium that attaches to heart to the diaphragm

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9
Q

Two Surfaces of the Heart

A
  1. Auricular (left)
  2. Atrial (right)
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10
Q

Coronary groove

A

separates the atria from the ventricles

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11
Q

Most muscular heart chamber?

A

Left ventricle

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12
Q

Paraconal groove

A

splits ventricles on left side of heart

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13
Q

Subsinousal groove

A

splits ventricles on right side of heart

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14
Q

What three veins can drain directly into the right atrium?

A

Cranial vena cava, caudal vena cava, R azygous v.

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15
Q

Coronary sinus

A

Expansion of the great cardiac v. just ventral to the caudal vena cava and drains the heart

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16
Q

Intervenous tubercle

A

ridge in the right atrium that helps prevent turbulent flow from both vena cavae and directs it toward the atrioventricular opening

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17
Q

Fossa ovalis

A

Depressed area in the right atrium just caudal to the intervenous tubercle

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18
Q

What was the fossa ovalis in the fetal heart?

A

foramen ovale

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19
Q

Crista terminalis

A

ridge tha splits the right atrium and the right auricle

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20
Q

Pectinate muscles

A

muscles branching from the terminal crest into the auricle

21
Q

What else is an auricle called?

A

blind pouch

22
Q

Sinus venarum

A

the open space in the right atrium

23
Q

Septal scar

A

remnant of the valve of the foramen ovale visible in the left atrium

24
Q

Where does the left atrium get blood from?

A

pulmonary vv.

25
Q

Cardiac skeleton

A

rings at the base of the heart at the level of the coronary groove that serve as attachments for the myocardium and the cardiac valves

26
Q

Trigone

A

thickened area between the AV valves and/or the mitral and aortic valves

27
Q

Os cordis

A

boney cardiac skeleton in the ruminant

28
Q

Important function of the Cardiac Skeleton

A

eletrical barrier between the atria and the ventricles that allows the heart to contract in a rhythmic fashion

29
Q

Tricuspid valve

A

bewteen the right atrium and the right ventricle (right AV valve)

30
Q

Papillary muscles

A

muscles on the ventricular wall that sere as attachments for chordae tendinae

31
Q

Chordae tendinae

A

extend from papillary muscles in the ventricle to AV valve to prevent eversion ofthe cusps of the valve during systole

aka heartstrings

32
Q

Trabeculae septomarginalis

A

aka moderator bands (can have one or multiple)

extend from the ventricular wall to the septum to ensure ventricle will contract in unison

33
Q

Trabeculae carnae

A

muscles/holey appearance in lower part of the ventricle thought to reduce blood turbulence

34
Q

Mitral valve

A

valve between the left atrium and left ventricle

35
Q

Pulmonary valve

A

at the outflow of the right ventricle on the way to the lungs

36
Q

Aortic valve

A

at the outflow of the left ventricle into the aorta; has nodules at the margins of the cusps

37
Q

Main pacemaker of the heart?

A

Sinoatrial node (SA)

38
Q

Which contractions come first - atrial or ventricular?

A

Atrial

39
Q

How much blood does the heart receive from itself (%) and from where?

A

15% from the coronary arteries slightly distal to the aortic valve

40
Q

Left coronary artery

A

between the left auricle and pulmonary trunk

41
Q

2 Branches of the Left Coronary Artery

A
  1. Paraconal interventriular branch
  2. Left circumflex branch
42
Q

Species difference of the left circumflex branch

A

supplies the subsinuosal groove and artery in carnivores and ruminants

43
Q

Where will you find the openings for the coronary arteries?

A

aortic sinus

44
Q

Main blood supply for the subsinuosal artery in: dogs/ruminants? Horses and pigs?

A

Dogs/Ruminants: left circumflex branch
Horses/Pigs: right circumflex branch

45
Q

Do the coronary arteries anastamose?

A

No

46
Q

sinus

A

expansion of a tube/extra space

47
Q

Where do you see the great cardiac vein?

A

running along your left circumflex branch, in the coronary groove

48
Q

Hardware disease

A

inflammation between the reticulum and the pericardial sac (reticulopericarditis)

603 Anatomy (13 decks)

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