Heart Flashcards
Where does the right side of the heart pump blood to?
Lungs via pulmonary trunk
Which side of the heart is more cranial?
Right
What chamber is at the apex of the heart?
Left ventricle
How much of their blood can dogs pump through the heart in one minute? Horses? Humans?
Dogs = 80%
Horses = 100%
Humans = 60%
Base of the heart
Dorsal, where all the thiings branch out from
5 Layers of the Pericardium (from inside to outside)
- Epicardium
- Pericardial space
- Parietal serous pericardium
- Fibrous pericardium
- Mediastinal pericardial pleura
Sternopericardial ligament
part of fibrous pericardium that attaches heart to the sternum
Phrenicopericardal ligament
Part of the fibrous pericardium that attaches to heart to the diaphragm
Two Surfaces of the Heart
- Auricular (left)
- Atrial (right)
Coronary groove
separates the atria from the ventricles
Most muscular heart chamber?
Left ventricle
Paraconal groove
splits ventricles on left side of heart
Subsinousal groove
splits ventricles on right side of heart
What three veins can drain directly into the right atrium?
Cranial vena cava, caudal vena cava, R azygous v.
Coronary sinus
Expansion of the great cardiac v. just ventral to the caudal vena cava and drains the heart
Intervenous tubercle
ridge in the right atrium that helps prevent turbulent flow from both vena cavae and directs it toward the atrioventricular opening
Fossa ovalis
Depressed area in the right atrium just caudal to the intervenous tubercle
What was the fossa ovalis in the fetal heart?
foramen ovale
Crista terminalis
ridge tha splits the right atrium and the right auricle
Pectinate muscles
muscles branching from the terminal crest into the auricle
What else is an auricle called?
blind pouch
Sinus venarum
the open space in the right atrium
Septal scar
remnant of the valve of the foramen ovale visible in the left atrium
Where does the left atrium get blood from?
pulmonary vv.
Cardiac skeleton
rings at the base of the heart at the level of the coronary groove that serve as attachments for the myocardium and the cardiac valves
Trigone
thickened area between the AV valves and/or the mitral and aortic valves
Os cordis
boney cardiac skeleton in the ruminant
Important function of the Cardiac Skeleton
eletrical barrier between the atria and the ventricles that allows the heart to contract in a rhythmic fashion
Tricuspid valve
bewteen the right atrium and the right ventricle (right AV valve)
Papillary muscles
muscles on the ventricular wall that sere as attachments for chordae tendinae
Chordae tendinae
extend from papillary muscles in the ventricle to AV valve to prevent eversion ofthe cusps of the valve during systole
aka heartstrings
Trabeculae septomarginalis
aka moderator bands (can have one or multiple)
extend from the ventricular wall to the septum to ensure ventricle will contract in unison
Trabeculae carnae
muscles/holey appearance in lower part of the ventricle thought to reduce blood turbulence
Mitral valve
valve between the left atrium and left ventricle
Pulmonary valve
at the outflow of the right ventricle on the way to the lungs
Aortic valve
at the outflow of the left ventricle into the aorta; has nodules at the margins of the cusps
Main pacemaker of the heart?
Sinoatrial node (SA)
Which contractions come first - atrial or ventricular?
Atrial
How much blood does the heart receive from itself (%) and from where?
15% from the coronary arteries slightly distal to the aortic valve
Left coronary artery
between the left auricle and pulmonary trunk
2 Branches of the Left Coronary Artery
- Paraconal interventriular branch
- Left circumflex branch
Species difference of the left circumflex branch
supplies the subsinuosal groove and artery in carnivores and ruminants
Where will you find the openings for the coronary arteries?
aortic sinus
Main blood supply for the subsinuosal artery in: dogs/ruminants? Horses and pigs?
Dogs/Ruminants: left circumflex branch
Horses/Pigs: right circumflex branch
Do the coronary arteries anastamose?
No
sinus
expansion of a tube/extra space
Where do you see the great cardiac vein?
running along your left circumflex branch, in the coronary groove
Hardware disease
inflammation between the reticulum and the pericardial sac (reticulopericarditis)
