Axial Skeleton Flashcards
What are the 4 components of the axial skeleton?
- Skull
- Vertebral Column
- Ribs
- Sternum
3 segments of the trunk
- Thorax
- Abdomen
- Pelvis
borders of the trunk
Dorsal = vertebral column, mm.
Ventral = sernumn and abdominal mm.
Cranial = thoracic inlet/1st rib
Caudal = pelvic outlet
5 Different Vertebrae
- Cervical
- Thoracic
- Lumbar
- Sacral
- Caudal
Main Functions of the Vertebral Column
posture, progression/locomotion, protection of the spinal cord
Number of thoracic veterbrae in:
Dog/Cat/Horse/Cow/Pig
Dog/Cat/Cow = 13
Horse = 18
Pig = 14-15
Number of lumbar veterbrae in:
Dog/Cat/Horse/Cow/Pig
Dog/Cat = 7
Horse/Cow = 6
Pig = 6-7
Number of sacral veterbrae in:
Dog/Cat/Horse/Cow/Pig
Dog/Cat = 3
Horse/Cow = 5
Pig = 4
Difference bewteen vertebral foramen and vertebral canal?
Foramen is through a single vertebra, canl is what all the vertebra together make
Hemilaminectomy
slice to access the spinal cord [in necropsy]
Two components of vertebral arch
Pedicle and Lamina
Two Components of the Intervertebral Disk
- Nucleus pulposus
- Anulus fibrosis
Nucleus pulposus
jelly-filled space of the intervertebral disk
Anulus fibrosis
fibrous ring around the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disk
Atlas
the first cervical vertebrae
Atlantooccipital joint
where the atlas articulates with the skull
What two parts of the typical vertebrae does the atlas not have?
vertebral body and spinous process
Fovea dentis
present in the ventral aspect of the vertebral foramen
What is blue?
the alar notch of the atlas
What is the alar notch of the atlas called in large animals?
alar foramen
Axis
second cervical vertebra
Which vertebrae is the longest?
axis (C2)
dens
tooth-like projection on the cranial aspect of the axis
atlantoaxial joint
atlas-axis articulation
Where do spinal nerves exit the vertebrae?
intervertebral foramen
Plural of foramen
Foramena
Anticlinal vertebrae
a radiographic landmark where a thoracic vertebrae has no integration in the spinous process
Carnivores = T10 or 11
Bovine = T13
Equine = T16
Costal fovea
located cranial and caudal where the thoracic vertebrae articulate with the ribs
Are the sacrum individual vertebrae?
No, it’s a fusion of vertebral bodies
Function of the Sacrum
to articulate with the pelvis between the ilia
Parts of the Nuchal ligament
Funicular and Laminar
Supraspinous ligament
runs over the spinous processes of te thoracic and lumbar vertebrae and merges with the tendons of epaxial muscles
Poll evil
bursitis of the supraatlantal bursa
Fistulous withers
bursitis of the supraspinous bursa
Interspinous ligaments
the ligaments that are between the spinous processes
Longitudinal ligaments
hold the vertebral bodies on the dorsal and ventral surfaces from the axis (C2) to the sacrum
True vs. False Ribs
True ribs directly articulate with the sternum
False ribs form the costal arch and indirectly articulate with the sternum
Costochondral junction
where the bony part meets the cartilagenous part of the rib
3 parts of the Sternum
- Manubrium
- Sternabra
- Xiphoid process
Where does the linea alba attach cranially?
xiphoid process
