Lower Respiratory Tract Flashcards
Tracheobronchiolar tree
Larynx –> trachea (cervical portion) –> trachea (thoracic portion) –> carina –>primary/principal bronchi –> lobar bronchi
(goes further but cannot be seen in anatomy at bronchioles)
Is the trachea located on midline?
yes in the cervical portion, no - slightly to the right in the thoracic portion
Where does the bifurcation of the lungs occur?
at the level of the heart (~ribs 3-5)
Apical bronchus
present in ruminants and pigs, bifurcation off the trachea that enters the right cranial lung lobe; common site of aspiration pnuemonia
cardiac notch
area with access to heart with no lung tissue, larger on the left side in most species except dogs (between caudal part of cranial lobe and middle lobe)
root of the lung
contains principal bronchus, pulmonary blood vessels, and nerves
pulmonary ligament
extends from pulmonary pleura to the mediastinal fluid
Strength of pulmonary ligament in dogs
weak - in instances of trauma, should examine to see if lungs have rotated in case this ligament has ripped
Hilus
sapce left behind if you were to remove the root of the lung
Which species has the strongest pulmonary ligament?
cow
What is the caudal border of the triangle of auscultation?
dorsal end of the second to last rib
Which species has the least amount of lobulation?
equine
fibrous tissues create the separation rather than other physical demarkation
Lobes of the Equine Lungs
Left: Cranial and Caudal
Right: Cranial and Caudal, Accessory
What species has the highest level of lobulation (lobules)?
ruminants
In what intercostal space will you find the cardiac notch in carnivores?
ICS 4 (on the right side in dogs, both sides in cats)
