thorax one and 2 Flashcards
which ribs are the true ribs
1-7
which ribs are the false ribs
8-10
which ribs are the floating ribs
11 and 12
which ribs are atypical
1, 2, 10, 11, 12
why is rib 1 atypical
articulates only with T1 and doesn’t have an angle
why is rib 2 atypical
has large tuberosity
why is rib 10 atypical
single costovertebral articulation (otherwise typical)
why are ribs 11 and 12 atypical
articulates only with corresponding vertebral body, no neck or tubercles
what type of sternochondral articulation does rib 1 have
synchondrosis/non-synovial
what type of sternochondral articulation do ribs 2-7 have
synovial articulations
what are the 3 typical posterior rib articulations
costotransverse and 2 costovertbral joints (superior and inferior)
what are the accessory muscles
SCM, scalene, pec major and minor, levator costarum, serrates posterior superior, serratus anterior, iliocostalis, latissimus doors
what muscles are involved in active breathing
intercostals internis, rectus abdominis, obliques (internal and external), transverses abdominis
which ribs are the pump-handle ribs
primarily ribs 1-5
which ribs are the bucket-handle motion ribs
primarily ribs 6-10
which ribs are the caliper motion ribs
primarily ribs 11 & 12
what plane are the bucket handle ribs mostly moving in
coronal plane
what axis are the bucket handle ribs moving in
costovertebral-costosternal line
what axis do the caliper-motion ribs move in
vertical line axis
what plan do the caliper motion ribs move in
horizontal plane
what are the borders of the anatomical inlet
manubrium, 1st rib bilaterally and T1
what are the borders of the functional inlet
manubrium with angle of louis, first 2 ribs bilaterally and T1-4
what are the borders of the thoracic outlet
clavicle, 1st ribs and scapula
what rib is at the midclavicular line for the lung and the parietal pleura
lung is 6th rib and parietal pleura is 8th rib
what rib is at the midaxillary line for the lung and the parietal pleura
lung is at 8th rib and parietal pleura is at 10th rib
what rib is at the midscapular line for the lung and the parietal pleura
lung is at 10th rib and parietal pleura is at 12th rib (and 12th thoracic vertebra)
what emotions are important for influencing the cerebral cortex
anger, fear, anxiety
what is the major visceral motor control center
hypothalamus
what do the midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata contain nuclei for
cardiac and vasomotor control, salivation, swallowing, sweating, bladder control and pupillary changes
compare pre and post ganglia in sympathetic and parasympathetic
sympathetic has short pre and long post; parasympathetic has long pre and short post
what are the sympathetic levels for the Upper GI tract
T5-T9
what are the sympathetic levels for the middle GI tract
T10-T11
what are the sympathetic levels for lower GI tract
T12-L2
what are the sympathetic levels for the head and neck
T1-4
what are the sympathetic levels for the heart
T2-T5
what are the sympathetic levels for the respiratory
T2-T7
what are the sympathetic levels for the esophagus
T2-8
what is the name of palpable vibrations that transmit from the bronchopulmonary tree to the chest wall with speech
Tactile fremitus
