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LECOM- OPP/H&P > physiology > Flashcards

physiology Flashcards

1
Q

what occurs when local electrical change triggers a wave of excitation that travels along the muscle fiber

A

conductivity

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2
Q

what is the capability of being stretched between contractions

A

extensibility

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3
Q

how does muscle attach to bone

A

via tendons

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4
Q

what is connective tissue around muscle cells

A

endomysium

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5
Q

what is connective tissue around muscle fascicles

A

perimysium

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6
Q

what is connective tissue surrounding entire muscle

A

epimysium

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7
Q

where does regulation of calcium for muscle fibers occur

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum

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8
Q

what is the plasma membrane of a muscle fiber

A

sarcolemma

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9
Q

what is the cytoplasm of a muscle fiber

A

sarcoplasm

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10
Q

what is the filamentous proteins which provide structure and contractile capacity to muscle

A

myofilaments

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11
Q

what are large intracellular bundles of contractile protein myofilaments

A

myofibrils

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12
Q

what are the tubular invaginations of the sarcolemma which penetrate through the cell and emerge on the other side; essential for calcium release from cisternae

A

transverse tubules

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13
Q

what is the thick filament primary made of

A

myosin

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14
Q

what is the thin filament mostly made of

A

actin

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15
Q

describe the protein of myosin

A

it is a hexametric protein, composed of 2 heavy chain polypeptides and 4 light-chain polypeptides

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16
Q

what are the 3 functions of the myosin sub fragment-1(S-1)

A

attachment site for actin to form actomyosin linkages (cross bridges), binding site for adenosine nucleotides, ATPase enzymatic region for hydrolysis of ATP

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17
Q

what is actomyosin complex formation triggered by

A

calcium

18
Q

what filaments are in the H band

A

thick

19
Q

what filaments are in the I band

A

thin

20
Q

what is the segment of the myofibril from one z disc to the next

A

sarcomere

21
Q

what is the functional contractile unit of the muscle fiber

A

sarcomere

22
Q

what type of potential occurs in the cell body

A

local potential (has to do with chemical release)

23
Q

how many neurons is each somatic motor fiber innervated by

A

one motor neuron

24
Q

how many fibers does one alpha motor neuron have

A

typically many

25
Q

are alpha motor neurons typically associated with extrafusal or intrafusal fibers

A

extrafusal fibers

26
Q

are gamma motor neurons typically associated with

A

intrafusal

27
Q

what is the average motor unit

A

200 muscle fibers for each motor unit

28
Q

what type of fibers does the muscle spindle receptor have

A

1a

29
Q

what type of fibers does the golgi tendon organ have

A

1b

30
Q

what type of receptors does the free nerve endings have

A

3 or 4

31
Q

what type of receptors are nuclear chain fibers most associated with

A

steady-state (tonic) receptors

32
Q

what type of receptors are nuclear bag fibers most associated with

A

adapting (phasic;dynamic) receptors

33
Q

what is the function of muscle spindles

A

to inform the CNS of muscle length and dynamic movements

34
Q

what part of intrafusal fibers cannot contract

A

the middle of the fiber because it lacks sarcomeres

35
Q

what is another name for the primary afferent neuron

A

group 1a

36
Q

what is another name for the secondary afferent neuron

A

group 2

37
Q

where do gamma motoneurons originate

A

in the anterior horn of the spinal cord

38
Q

what is the stretch reflex primarily mediated by

A

the brain

39
Q

what type of reflex is the golgi tendon organ

A

clasp knife

40
Q

what type of fibers does the golgi tendon organ have

A

1b

LECOM- OPP/H&P (20 decks)

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