thorax 1 & 2 Flashcards
what is the margin of the lung and parietal pleura at the midclavicular line
lung is 6th rib; parietal pleura is 8th rib
what is the margin of the lung and parietal pleura at the midaxillary line
lung is 8th rib; parietal pleural is 10th rib
what is the margin of the lung and parietal pleura at the mid scapular line
lung is 10th rib; parietal pleura is 12th rib
what decides dominance in the heart
whether the right or left side gives rise to the posterior descending artery
what does the cerebral cortex influence
anger, fear, anxiety
what primitive functions do the nuclei of the hypothalamus play in ANS function
hunger, thirst, sex
describe the pre and postganglionic neurons for the sympathetic pathway
pre are short; post are long
describe the pre and postganglionic neurons for parasympathetic pathway
pre are long; post are short
where are the PNS ganglia located in the sympathetic division
near vertebral column
where are the PNS ganglia located in the parasympathetic division
typically intramural
where are the CNS visceral motor neurons located in the sympathetic division
lateral gray horns of spinal segments T1-L2
where are the CNS visceral motor neurons located in the parasympathetic division
brain stem and spinal segments S2-S4
what are the sympathetic levels for the head and neck
T1-4
what are the sympathetic levels for the heart
T2-5
what are the sympathetic levels for respiratory
T2-7
what are the sympathetic levels for the esophagus
T2-8
what is the sympathetic level for the appendix
T12
what is the sympathetic level for the kidneys
T10-11
what is the sympathetic level for the adrenal medulla
T10
what is the sympathetic level for the upper ureters
T10-11
what is the sympathetic levels for the lower ureters
T12-L1
what is the sympathetic levels for the bladder
T11-L2
what is the sympathetic level for the gonads
T10-11
what is the sympathetic level for the uterus and cervix
T10-L2
what is the sympathetic level for erectile tissue
T11-L2
what is the sympathetic level for the prostate
T12-L2
what is the sympathetic level for the arms
T2-8
what is the sympathetic level for the legs
T11-L2
what makes rib 1 atypical
it articulates only with T1 and has no angle
what makes rib 2 atypical
it has a large tuberosity
what makes rib 10 atypical
it only has a single costovertebral articulation (otherwise typical)
what makes ribs 11 and 12 atypical
articulates only with corresponding vertebral body; has no neck or tubercles
what are the muscles of active breathing (exhalation)
intercostals internus, rectus abdominis, obliques, transversus abdominis
what are the costal lymphatics
parasternal, intercostal and diaphragmatic lymph nodes
what are the pump hand ribs
1-5
what are the bucket-handle ribs
primarily ribs 6-10
what are the caliper ribs
ribs 11 and 12
what plane and axis do the pump handle ribs move
saggital plane on transverse axi
what plane and axis do the bucket handle ribs move
coronal plane on AP axis (costovertebral-costosternal line)
what axis and plane do the caliper ribs move
horizontal plane on vertical axis
what are the borders of the anatomical inlet
manubrium, first ribs bilaterally and T1
what are the borders of the functional inlet
manubrium with angle of louis, first 2 ribs bilaterally, and T1-4
what are the borders of the thoracic outlet
clavicle, 1st ribs and scapula
