Thorax & Lungs Flashcards
Respiration pattern characterized by groups of quick, shallow inspirations followed by irregular periods of apnea
Biot’s breathing
Respiration pattern characterized by alternating periods of apnea and hyperpnea; Respiratory acidosis.
Cheyne Stokes Respiration
Increased breathing when required to meet metabolic demands of the body
Hyperpnea
A condition that occurs when the lungs cannot remove all the CO2.
Respiratory acidosis
Respiration pattern where breathing is first rapid and shallow but as metabolic acidosis worsens, breathing gradually becomes deep, slow, labored, and gasping. “Air Hunger Breathing”
Kussmaul’s
A skin infection that occurs around nail fold near the cuticle
Paronychia
Transverse ridging of the nails associated with acute severe disease
Beau’s Lines
Transverse white lines across the nail bed which are due to metabolic stress.
Muehrcke’s Nails (Me-york’s)
Nail base angle > 180 deg. May be due to COPD or hypoxia
Clubbed Nails
Nails that are associated with iron deficient anemia
Koilonychia (iron spoon nails)
Cause of increased fremitus
Fluid in lungs (pneumonia)
Cause of decreased fremitus
Air in lungs (emphysema, pneumothorax)
What happens to fremitus if there is atelectasis?
Decreased (creates a barrier)
What happens to fremitus when there is a pleurisy?
decreased (creates a barrier)
Inflammation of the pleura causes fremitus to _____
decrease (creates a barrier)
The normal percussed lung sound is _____
Resonance
What happens to percussion when there is air in the chest?
hyper-resonance
Pneumonia or atelectasis cause chest percussion to become _______
`dull
Breath sounds that are small, clicking, bubbling or rattling sounds are said to be called ______
Rales
Lung sounds that resemble snoring are said to be _______ sounds
Rhonchi
High pitched lung sounds are said to be _____ sounds.
Wheezing
A wheeze-like sound heard upon inspiration is called _______.
Stridor
Bronchitis may produce what kind of breath sounds?
Rales
The sound of the patient’s voice becomes less distinct as the auscultation moves peripherally. This is ________
normal
During auscultation the patient’s voice becomes loud over certain areas of the periphery.
Bronchophony. Abnormal due to an area of consolidation.
When auscultating the lungs, the patient is asked to say “e” and you hear “a”
Egophony. Abnormal due to an area of consolidation.
When auscultating the lungs, the patient is asked to whisper “99”. You hear a much louder “99”.
Whispered Pectoriloquy. Abnormal due to an area of consolidation.
