Lung Conditions Flashcards
Inflammation of the pleura.
Pleurisy
Caused by Mycobacterium species. Ghon lesions seen on x-ray.
Tuberculosis
Consolidation of the lung. Occurs in 4 stages
Lobar Pneumonia
Destruction of elastic pulmonary connective tissue that results in permanent dilation of alveoli air sacs. Caused by alpha 1 anti trypsin.
Emphysema
Caused by Klebsiella pneumonia. Seen in old age or immunocompromised patients
Friedlander’s Pneumonia
Collapse of the lung usually result of bronchial obstruction or mucous plug. Mediastinal shift to the same side.
Atelectasis
Inflammation of the cartilage connection between the ribs and sternum. Develops as a consequence of physical activity and is worse with exercise. Pain increases with deep inspiration. Palpable tenderness at the costosternal articulation.
Tietze’s Syndrome (costochondritis)
Painful rash following a course of a dermatome usually in a single nerve.
Herpes Zoster (aka Shingles)
Caused by CMV. MC seen in AIDS patients.
Cytomegalovirus
Defined as long term cough with mucus. Shortness of breath and wheezing. Cigarette smoking is the main cause.
Chronic Bronchitis / COPD
Ruptured lung causing air to be trapped in the pleural space. Unilateral darkening of the chest x-ray due to the collapse.
Pneumothorax
Cancer of the lymph system. X-ray shows unilateral lymphadenopathy. Reed Sternberg cells present.
Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Bronchospasm constricting airways. Type I hypersensitivity reaction is usually triggered by airborne allergens.
Asthma
Most often appears in the lungs or lymph nodes of Blacks or African decent. Abnormal collection of inflammatory cells - granulomas - form as nodules. Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy.
Sarcoidosis
Irreversible focal bronchial dilation, confirmed by CT.
Bronchiectasis
