Thorax Flashcards
What is the upper region that is continuous with the neck called?
superior thoracic aperture
What is the lower region of the thorax that is closed by the diaphragm called?
inferior thoracic aperture (thoracic outlet)
What are the 3 compartments of the thorax?
left and right pleural cavities
mediastinum
What do the left and right pleural cavities contain?
the lungs
Where is the second rib?
at the sternal angle
Where does the thorax begin?
at thoracic vertebra 1 and rib 1 to the manubrium
What is the sternal angle located in between?
sternum body and manubrium of sternum
What does the costochondral joint join?
the costal cartilage and the ribs
What are the bones that attach the arms and consist of the clavicle and shoulder blade called?
pectoral girdles
What ribs are the true ribs? (the sternum connects directly to the costal cartilage)?
ribs 1-7
What ribs are the false ribs? (their costal cartilages are attached to the cartilage of the next higher rib)?
ribs 8-10
What ribs are floating? (do not attach to the sternum and have no costal cartilages)?
ribs 11-12
What is the space between the ribs called?
intercostal
What is the space between the vertebrae called?
intervertebral discs
What are the sections of the superior mediastinum?
upper -T1 posteriorly
lower -the sternal angle (landmark for second rib)
What are the sections of the inferior mediastinum?
anterior -fat and thymus
middle -heart
posterior -aorta and oesophagus
What are the main vessels of the thorax?
vena cavae
pulmonary artery
pulmonary vein
aorta
What arteries supply the head?
common carotid arteries
What do the left and right common carotid arteries branch into?
internal and external carotid arteries
What artery supplies the face, tongue, head (not brain)?
external carotid artery
What artery supplies the head and neck?
internal carotid artery
What are the first main branches of the aorta?
the left/right coronary arteries
What side of the body is the brachiocephalic trunk?
right
What does the brachiocephalic trunk divide into?
right common carotid artery
right subclavian artery
What branch of the aorta goes on to supply the abdomen?
descending aorta
What veins drain the head and neck?
left and right internal jugular
What does the aorta branch into?
Brachiocephalic artery
Left common carotid artery
Left subclavian artery
What do the left and right internal jugular veins join into?
Right subclavian vein
Left subclavian vein
What do the right subclavian and left subclavian veins join into?
right and left brachiocephalic veins
What do the right and left brachiocephalic veins drain into?
the superior vena cava
What are the paired muscles found on the anterior vertebral column that when when both contract cause bending of the neck?
*hint - long muscles
longus colli
What portion of the vertebra has sympathetic innervation?
T1-L2
Where is the biggest lymphatic draining?
thoracic duct
What is the greatest sympathetic nerve and where does it branch from?
Greater splanchnic T5-T9
What is an extension of the left atrium?
left auricle
What cervical nerves innervate the phrenic nerve in diaphragm?
3, 4, 5
What is the cardiac plexus?
nerves to the heart
What does the superior (accessory) hemiazygos vein drain?
posterior mediastinum veins
What kind of tissue structure does the diaphragm have?
musculotendinous
Where do diaphragm muscle fibres that arise from costal margins insert into?
central tendon
How is the diaphragm shaped on either side and which is larger?
dome shaped on left and right however right is higher due to position of liver
What kind of muscle is the diaphragm?
skeletal
What is the phrenic nerve composed of?
cervical 3-5
What fibres the phrenic nerve have?
motor and sensory
What happens on inspiration?
muscle flattens
What is the costodiaphragmatic recess?
larger of recesses found between the costal and diaphragmatic pleura of right and left pleural cavities. Provide space for the lungs to fill, but also fluid can accumulate in these.
