Mouth Flashcards
What are the two main functions of the mouth?
motor, sensory
What is the sensation for pain?
nociception
What is the sensation for movement?
Mechanoreception
What is the sensation for temperature?
Thermorecption
What is the special sensation found only in the mouth?
gustation (taste)
What are the boundaries of the mouth?
anterior (lips), posterior (fauces, pillars), lateral (cheeks), inferior (mylohyoid, tongue), superior (palate),
What holds the tongue in place?
lingual frenulum
What drains the floor of the mouth?
lingual veins
What are the folds under the tongue where ducts open?
plica fimbriata
What are the jaw muscles?
temporalis, masseter
What muscle helps in lip movement?
Orbicularis Oris
What muscle is responsible for puffing the cheeks?
buccinator
What are the salivary glands and what type of secretion do they produce?
Biggest glands are the parotid glands which are by the ear. They produce a watery (serous) secretion.
Submandibular glands are just under the jaw. They produce a semi-watery/semi-thick (seromucinous) secretion
Sublingual glands produce a thick secretion, which is mostly mucous
What can mumps cause?
Swelling of the parotid glands
What is Sialolithiasis?
the equivalent of kidney stones in the salivary glands. It is a calculus stone typically in the submandibular gland.
What is the compact ball of food called?
Bolus
What border separates lips and skin?
vermillion border
What is the lateral boundary of the mouth composed of?
cheeks and teeth
What is the superior boundary of the mouth composed of?
soft and hard palate
What is the anterior boundary of the mouth composed of?
lips and teeth
What bones form the hard palate?
maxillae and palatine bones
What is the posterior boundary composed of?
fauces (pillars)
What is the inferior boundary composed of?
mylohyoid muscle and tongue
What are the secretions that the salivary glands produce?
mucous, salt & water, amylase
What are the intrinsic glands?
lingual, palatoglossal, palatal, buccal
What is the lining of the oral cavity?
Masticatory - para-keratinised stratified squamous, thick lamina propria (mucoperiosteum)
Gustatory - keratinised stratified squamous with filiform and fungiform-taste papillae as well as vallate papillae
Lining - non-keratinised stratified squamous, thin lamina propria, thick submucosa
What are the main muscles of the face?
temporalis, buccinator, masticator
What is the function of temporalis?
Elevation and retraction of mandible
What is the nerve supply of temporalis?
trigeminal 5 (mandibular division)
What is the function of the buccinator?
Maintains food in the middle of the oral cavity.
What is the nerve supply of the buccinator?
facial nerve 7 (buccal branch)
What common pathology may result in the buccinator not functioning, and what are the functional consequences for the patient?
Stroke (cerebrovascular accident). Drooling as not being able to maintain food/fluid in the middle of the oral cavity
What stimulates saliva production?
lemon juice- anything acidic
What is the risk of parotidectomy?
damage to the facial nerve
Where is the duct opening of the parotid gland?
opposite the upper second molar
What are the primary bones of the face?
Maxilla (2)
Zygomatic (2)
Mandible (1)
Nasal (2)
Platine (2)
Inferior nasal concha (2)
Lacrimal (2)
Vomer (1)
What are the origins and endings of the masseter muscle?
The masseter arises from the zygomatic bone (cheekbone) and is inserted at the ramus (branches) of the mandible (jawbone).
What is the function of the masseter?
Contraction of the muscle elevates the mandible, and it is particularly used in chewing food. The masseter can be felt at the side of the jaw when the teeth are clenched.
What is the nerve supply of the masseter?
Mandibular division of the trigeminal 5 nerve
How would you clinically test the integrity of the masseter?
Get patient to clench teeth, and feel muscle bulk and power
What nerve passes through the parotid gland?
facial nerve
Where are sublingual secretions secreted?
the sublingual duct on the base of the underside of the tongue
Where is the sublingual gland?
under the tongue
Where is the submandibular gland?
under and hooked around the mylohyoid muscle
Where are submandibular secretions secreted?
Wharton’s duct which opens on the base of the underside of the tongue
What artery and vein, supply and drain blood of most facial expression muscles?
facial artery, facial vein
Where do superficial systems drain?
external jugular vein
Where do deep systems drain?
internal jugular vein
What are the main arteries supplying the head?
carotid arteries
What are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?
superior longitudinal, inferior longitudinal, transverse and vertical muscles of the tongue. These muscles affect the shape and size of the tongue – for example, in tongue rolling – and have a role in facilitating speech, eating and swallowing.
What nerve passes through the parotid gland, thus making surgery on this gland very complex?
facial nerve
What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?
styloglossius
hyoglossus
genioglossus
What is the innveration of the tongue?
All intrinsic and extrinsic muscles are innervated by the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII), except palatoglossus, which has vagal innervation (CN X).
however, palatoglossus is often considered a muscle of the palate
What are the muscles of mastication?
temporalis, massester, medial and lateral pterygoid muscle
