Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy 1 > Clinical Anatomy of the Face > Flashcards

Clinical Anatomy of the Face Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two parts of the skeleton of the head?

A

neurocranium
viscerocranium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does the neurocranium encompass?

A

(bony covering of brain and meninges)
Roof called the calvaria
Floor called the cranial base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the bones of the neurocranium?

A

Eight bones
frontal (1)
ethmoid (1)
sphenoid (1)
occipital (1)
temporal (2)
parietal (2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the viscerocranium encompass?

A

facial skeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the bones of the facial skeleton?

A

14 bones
maxillary (2)
mandible (1)
nasal (2)
inferior nasal concha (2)
zygoma (2)
palate (2)
lacrimal (2)
vomer (1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does pneumatised mean and what bones have this property?

A

air within the bones.

the frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid and maxillary bones, these are in the form of paranasal sinuses.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where are mastoid air cells and where it is found?

A

in the temporal bone where the mastoid lies behind ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where is the weakest point of the skull?

A

the pterion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the ear canal called?

A

external auditory meatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What can rupture due to trauma to the pterion and what would it be called?

A

middle meningeal artery
extradural haemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How much of communication do our faces provide?

A

80-90%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What areas of the facial skeleton take longer to grow than the calvaria?

A

orbit, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the 6 regions of the head?

A

Occipital
Temporal
Parietal
Frontal
Auricular
Mastoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the 8 regions of the face?

A

Zygomatic region
Infra-orbital region
Nasal region
Orbital region
Oral region
Buccal region
Parotid region
Mental region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are 10 regions of the neck

A

Submandibular triangle
Carotid triangle
Muscular triangle
Submental triangle
Sternocleidomastoid Region
Lesser supraclavicular fossa
Lateral Cervical Region (Posterior Triangle of Neck)
Omoclavicular triangle
Posterior Cervical Region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where is oral cancer found usually?

A

side of the tongue – lateral, and would be a squamous cell carcinoma.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does more inflamed lymph nodes mean in a cancer patient?

A

The greater the number of lymph nodes, and the further the spread of this in a patient, the worse the prognosis for their condition.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Memorise surface anatomy of face

A

Moore and Daley - Clinically Orientated Anatomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the spinal nerves?

A

Cervical - 8
Thoracic -12
Lumbar -5
Sacral -5
Coccygeal -1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the cranial nerves?

A

Olfactory
Optic
Oculomotor
Trochlear
Trigeminal
Abducens
Facial
Vestibulocochlear
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Accessory
Hypoglossal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where do cranial nerves arise?

A

brain and brainstem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the divisions of the trigeminal nerve?

A

ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular divisions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What divisions provide only sensory sensation?

A

ophthalmic and maxillary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What motor function does the mandibular division have?

A

motor function to muscles of mastication

anterior belly of the digastric muscle and the mylohyoid muscle (these are suprahyoid muscles)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What glands does the facial nerve innervate?
submandibular sublingual
26
What muscles does the facial nerve innervate?
muscles of facial expression
27
What special sense does the facial nerve?
taste from anterior 2/3 of the tongue supplied by the chorda tympani, a branch of the facial nerve
28
What does the ophthalmic nerve provide sensory innervation to?
Forehead and scalp Frontal, ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses Upper eyelid and its conjunctiva Cornea Dorsum of the nose Lacrimal gland Parts of the meninges and tentorium cerebelli (recurrent tentorial branch)
29
What does the maxillary nerve provide sensory innervation to?
Lower eyelid and its conjunctiva Cheeks and maxillary sinus Nasal cavity and lateral nose Upper lip Upper molar, incisor, premolar canine teeth and the associated gingiva Superior palate
30
What does the mandibular nerve provide sensory innervation to?
Mucous membranes and floor of the oral cavity External ear Lower lip Chin Anterior 2/3 of the tongue (only general sensation) Lower molar, incisor and canine teeth and the associated gingiva
31
What viruses affect the trigeminal nerve?
herpes simplex varicella zoster virus (VZV
32
In 20% of people, varicella zoster virus (VZV) is reactivated, what can this cause?
shingles herpes zoster
33
How to test for masseter function?
ask patient to clench jaw and relax and feel the angle of mandible contraction should happen
34
How many facial muscles are present and how are they arranged?
43 around the orifices of the face
35
What are the muscles attached to?
bone or fascia
36
What are the muscles of the face expression supplied by?
facial nerve
37
Where are the attachments of the orbiculares oris and what is it's function?
Originates from the maxilla and cheek muscles Inserting into skin and mucous membrane of the lips. Involved in pursing of the lips
38
What is the innervation of orbiculares oris?
buccal branch of facial nerve
39
Where are the attachments of the buccinator and what is it's function?
Originates from the maxilla and the mandible Extends down to blend with the orbicularis oris and the skin of the lips. Pulls cheeks inwards resulting in pushing food and fluid into the centre of the oral cavity.
40
What is the innervation of the buccinator?
buccal branch of facial nerve
41
What are the two parts of the orbicularis oculi?
Orbital Palpebral
42
What does the orbital part of the orbicularis oculi do?
orbits the eyes strong closure of the eyes, thicker part of this muscle
43
What does the palpebral part of theorbicularis oculi do?
in eyelids and can do soft closure of the eyes including blinking
44
What are the auricular muscles?
very small and vestigial (no function) in humans and few of us are able to easily move our ears voluntarily.
45
Where does the parotid gland sit?
anterior to the ear, a little below it
46
Where does the parotid duct pass?
passes from the anterior aspect and enters the oral cavity opp the second upper molar tooth.
47
What are the 3 major structures that pass through the parotid gland?
facial nerve external carotid artery (and terminal branches) retromandibular vein (superficial temporal and maxillary veins unite)
48
What is fascia?
a thin casing of connective tissue that surrounds and holds every organ, blood vessel, bone, nerve fiber and muscle in place
49
What is the parotid gland encased by?
fascia
50
What virus is mumps caused by?
paramyxovirus
51
What do mumps cause?
swelling of the parotid gland and stretching of the fascia
52
What can mumps lead to?
deafness, infertility and meningitis
53
What is the most common cranial neuropathy?
bells palsy
54
When is bells palsy diagnosed?
only if no specific cause is found (stroke)
55
What medications can be used to treat bells palsy?
Prednisolone (steroid inflammation) Acyclovir (anti-viral)
56
Where does the facial nerve leave the face?
the stylomastoid foramen.
57
What % of head and neck tumours does glands account for?
3%
58
What % are benign?
70-80%
59
What does the temporal branch of facial nerve innervate?
innervates the frontalis, orbicularis oculi and corrugator supercilii
60
What does the zygomatic branch of facial nerve innervate?
Innervates the orbicularis oculi.
61
What does the buccal branch of facial nerve innervate?
Innervates the orbicularis oris, buccinator and zygomaticus muscles.
62
What does the marginal mandibular branch of facial nerve innervate?
Innervates the mentalis muscle and depressors
63
What does the cervical branch of facial nerve innervate?
Innervates the platysma
64
What is the preferred method of parotidectomy?
anterograde - find main branch of facial nerve and trace out smaller branches
65
Why are electrodes used In parotidectomy?
buzz any areas that look like the facial nerve and see if they pick up impulses
66
Why is identifying the angle of the mandible important?
course of marginal mandibular division of the facial nerve. Damage to that branch can result in loss of function of those muscles at the lower lip.
67
Why is betadine used on the skin?
anti-septic
68
What muscle is responsible for turning the head to the opposite side?
Sternocleidomastoid
69
What nerve can be used for nerve grafting if there is damage to the facial nerve?
great auricular nerve
70
What does facial reanimation treatment depend on?
level of injury duration of paralysis (>12 not viable)
71
What are the classifications of facial reanimation?
Immediate/early reconstruction (dynamic) Intermediate reconstruction (dynamic) Late reconstruction (static) -trying to make function more symmetrical, no function
72
What is hypoglossal anastomoses?
joining of the hypoglossal nerve and facial nerve to reinnervate facial branches due to damage
73
When is hypoglossal anastomoses done?
intermediate reconstruction (dynamic) not used in long standing facial paralysis as nerve fibres die
74
What are the consequences of hypoglossal anastomoses and what was the solution?
patients then had contraction of their face every time they ate and drank, with intense craniofacial physiotherapy and botulinum toxin type B injections to the face it allowed reconnections
75
How is static facial reanimation using fascia late done?
endoscopic removal of fascia late from thigh and insertion in and around the zygomatic bone and anchored to the modiolus – the corner of the mouth. Placing here prevents the joker smile.

Anatomy 1 (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions