Thorax Flashcards
The intercostal nerves, arteries, and veins are positioned deep to the ___________.
Internal intercostal muscles.
The intercostal veins, arteries, and nerves are all positioned directly inferior to the ______.
ribs
The internal thoracic artery is positioned posterior (deep) to the __________.
first 6 costal cartilages.
The left phrenic nerve passes _______ to the root of the left lung.
anterior
The left phrenic nerve is positioned lateral to the _______
pericardial sac.
The left phrenic nerve passes lateral to the __________.
ascending aorta.
The right phrenic nerve is positioned _______ to the SVC and pericardial sac.
lateral
The right phrenic nerve passes anterior to the ___________.
root of the right lung.
The azygous vein (arch) passes _______ to the right main bronchus.
superior
What are the boundaries of the thoracic cavity?
Posterior- spine
Anterior- sternum
Inferior- diaphragm
Superior- Superior thoracic aperture
What are the general contents of the thoracic cavity?
Primary organs of respiratory and cardiovascular systems.
What are the compartments of the thoracic cavity?
Right and left pleural, superior and inferior mediastinum.
What is contained in the right and left pleural cavities?
The lungs
What are the components of the thoracic wall?
Skin, subcutaneous tissue, ribs, and intercostal muscles.
What is the function of the thoracic wall?
Protection, respiration, and muscles attachment of thorax.
What are the 3 types of ribs?
True, False, and Floating.
What are true ribs?
They have direct cartilagenous attachment to sternum.
What are false ribs?
They have indirect cartilagenous attachment to sternum.
What are floating ribs?
They don’t have attachment to sternum.
What are the 3 ribs joints and their synovial classification?
Costovertebral, costotransverse, and sternocostal.
All are plane.
What joint connects from the head of the rib to the vertebral body?
Costovertebral
What joint connects from the costal tubercle to the transverse process?
Costotransverse
What joint connects from the sternum to the costal cartilage?
Sternocostal
Where is the scalene tubercle and what attaches to it?
On the 1st rib.
Anterior scalene muscle attaches from it to 1st rib.
The 1st rib contains grooves for the ___________.
Subclavian artery and vein.
Where is the jugular notch located?
Superior aspect of manubrium.
Where are the clavicular notches and what are their functions?
On the superior aspect of manubrium, on either side of the jugular notch.
Function- articulates manubrium to clavicle.
How many costal notches are on the manubrium and for which ribs?
1 and first rib.
What is the are the attachments of the external intercostal muscles?
From rib to rib oriented from superior-lateral to inferior-medial (down and in)
What are the actions of the external intercostal muscles?
Elevation of ribs.
What innervates the external, internal, and innermost intercostal muscles?
Intercostal nerves (segmental)
What are the attachments of the internal and innermost intercostal muscles?
from rib to rib oriented superior-medial to inferior-lateral (down and out)
What are the actions of the internal and innermost intercostal muscles?
Depression of ribs.
What are the attachments of the transversus thoracis muscles?
From posterior sternum to costal cartilages
What are the actions of the transversus thoracis muscles?
Depression of ribs.
What is the innervation of the transversus thoracis muscles?
Intercostal nerves (segmental)
What are the attachments of the diaphragm?
From the xiphoid process, inner surface of the lower ribs and costal cartilages, lumbar vertebrae via the crura to the central tendon.
What are the actions of the diaphragm?
Inspiration (negative thoracic pressure by inferior displacement)
What is the innervation and common spinal segments of the diaphragm?
Phrenic nerve
C3-5
Which are the upper intercostal nerves?
T1-6
Which are the thoracoabdominal (lower intercostal) nerves?
T7-11
Which is the subcostal nerve?
T12
What is the major landmark of T4 innervation?
Nipples
What is the major landmark of T6 innervation?
Skin over xiphoid process
What is the major landmark of T10 innervation?
Umbilicus
