Ankle and Foot Flashcards
What muscles are in the first layer of the foot?
Flexor digitorum brevis
Abductor Hallucis
Abductor Digiti Minimi
What are the common spinal cord segments and innervation for Abductor Digiti Minimi?
S1-S2
Lateral Plantar N
What are the general actions of the first layer of the foot?
Flex and Abduct the toes
What are the attachments of Abductor Digiti Minimi?
From calcaneal tuberosity to lateral side of proximal phalangeal base of 5th digit
What are the common spinal segments and innervation of Abductor Hallucis?
L4-S1
Medial Plantar N
What are the attachments of of Abductor Hallucis?
From medial calcaneal tiberosity to medial side of proximal phalangeal base of great toe.
What are the common spinal cord segments and innervation of Flexor Digitorum Brevis?
L4-S1
Medial Plantar N
What are the attachments of Flexor Digitorum Brevis?
From medial process of calcaneal tuberosity to sides of intermediate phalanges of digits 2-5.
What muscles are in the second layer of the foot?
Quadratus Plantae
Lumbricals
What are the common spinal cord segments and innervation of Quadratus Plantae?
S1-2
Lateral Plantar N
What are the attachments of Quadratus Plantae?
From medial surface of calcaneus and lateral process of calcaneal tuberosity to long flexor tendons.
What are the actions of Quadratus Plantae?
Assists Flexor Digitorum Longus
What are the common spinal cord segments and innervation of the lumbricals?
1st: L4-S1 Medial Plantar N
2nd-4th: S1-2 Lateral Plantar N
What are the attachments of the lumbricals?
From tendons of flexor digitorum longus to medial sides of dorsal expansions of digits 2-5
What are the actions of the lumbricals?
Flexes proximal phalanges (MP, and extends IP joints.
What are the muscles in the third layer of the foot?
Adductor Hallucis
Flexor Hallucis Brevis
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
What are the common spinal cord segments and innervation of Adductor Hallucis?
S1-2
Lateral Plantar N
What are the attachments of Adductor Hallucis?
From 2-4th metatarsal bases (oblique head) and Distal ends of 2-5th metatarsals (transverse head) to lateral base of the proximal phalanx of great toe.
What are the common spinal cord segments of Flexor Hallucis Brevis?
L4-S1
Medial Plantar N
What are the attachments of Flexor Hallucis Brevis?
From cuboid and tendon of tibialis posterior to base of the proximal phalanx of great toe
What are the common spinal cord segments and innervation of Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis?
S1-2
Lateral Plantar N
What are the attachments of Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis?
From 5th metatarsal base to proximal phalangeal base.
What are the muscles in the 4th layer of the foot?
Dorsal Interossei
Plantar Interossei
What are the common spinal cord segments and innervation of the dorsal and plantar interossei?
S1-2
Lateral Plantar N
What are the attachments of the dorsal interossei?
From metatarsal shafts to proximal phalangeal bases and dorsal expansions of digits 2-4.
What are the attachments of the plantar interossei?
From plantar surface of base of metatarsals to dorsal digital expansions of digits 3-5.
What are the relative positions of the tendons that pass posterior to the medial malleous?
Tibialis Posterior
Flexor Digitorum Longus
Flexor Hallucis Longus
What two nerves foes the tibial nerve branch into after it passes posterior to the medial malleolus?
Medial and lateral plantar nerves
Describe the branching of the medial plantar nerve
Medial plantar nerve gives rise to the common plantar digital nerves that innervate digits 1-3, and those give rise to the proper plantar digital nerves.
Describe the branching of the lateral plantar nerve.
Lateral plantar nerve gives rise to a superficial branch that innervates the 4th and 5th digit. The superficial branch gives rise to a common plantar digital nerve.
Lateral plantar nerve also gives rise to a deep branch that goes to the deeper layers of foot.
Where would you take the medial malleolar pulse?
Posterior to the medial malleolus or posterior to Flexor Hallucis longus
Where would you take the dorsalis pedis pulse?
Lateral to extensor hallucis longus. or just over where talus and navicular bones articulate.
Primary movements of foot at the ankle joint?
Plantar flexion
Dorsiflexion
Inversion
Eversion
What are the attachments of the talocrural fibrous capsule?
From the borders of the articular surfaces of tibia and malleoli to the margins of the trochlear surface of the talus
What are the attachments of the medial collateral (deltoid) ligament?
From the medial malleolus to the talus, navicular and sustentaculum tali of the calcaneous.
What is the function of the medial collateral (deltoid) ligament?
Stabilizes joint and resists forced eversion.
