Thoracic Wall and Thoracic Cavity Dz

Question 1

Pleuritis

Answer 1

Inflammation of the pleura (visceral and parietal)
Cause: bronchopneumonia

Question 2

CS of pleuritis

Answer 2

Neck extended and elbows abducted, tachypnea, dyspnea, groaning with resp., reluctance to move
Pleural friction ribs (no pleural effusion), absence of lung sounds cr. ventral (with PE)

Question 3

Dx of pleuritis

Answer 3

CBC + fibrinogen, hypoprotein, azotemia
Thoracocentesis with cx and cytology

Question 4

Tx of pleuritis

Answer 4

Tx primary infection, drain effusion, NSAIDs

Question 5

Pneumothorax

Answer 5

Rare in ruminants
Caused by rupture of emphysematous bulla, lung puncture from fractured rib
Lung collapse due to complete mediastinum in ruminants

Question 6

Cs of pneumothorax

Answer 6

Insp. dyspnea, open-mouth breathing, one side of thorax collapsed and immobile, SQ emphysema

Question 7

Differentials of pnemothorax

Answer 7

Interstitial pneumonia, bronchopneumonia, BRSV, pleuritis with pleural effusion, lymphosarcoma

Question 8

Tx of pneumothorax

Answer 8

Aspiration of air from thorax to re-create vacuum
Abx

Question 9

Diaphragmatic hernia

Answer 9

Uncommon in ruminants, more in domestic cattle
Caused by traumatic reticuloperitonitis, external trauma and difficult parturition

Question 10

CS of diaphragmatic hernia

Answer 10

↓ milk production, WL. abnormal head posture on swallowing or regurg
Resp signs + GI signs (bloat, vomit, diarrhea, rumen hypomotility)

Question 11

Dx of diaphragmatic hernia

Answer 11

Hx, CS and rads (outline of diaphragm and heart obscured, reticulum seen in thorax)

Question 12

Differentials of diaphragmatic hernia

Answer 12

Traumatic reticuloperitonitis, pericarditis, esophageal stricture or FB/ choke, neoplasm and abscess

Question 13

Mesothelioma

Answer 13

Malignant tumor of mesothelial tissue lining the pleural cavity and peritoneum
Cattle, goats and congenital in calves

Question 14

Dx of mesothelioma

Answer 14

CS, thoracocentesis with cytology and cx, rads

Question 15

Anaphylaxis

Answer 15

Lung is the major target organ for type 1 (immediate hypersensitivity rx in ruminats)
From vx, drugs, blood transfusions, hypoderma bovis larvae, insect bites

Question 16

CS of anaphylaxis

Answer 16

10-20min of exposure to allergen: severe acute dyspnea, pharyngeal and laryngeal edema with stertorous breathing, urticaria, shivering and diarrhea
Harsh breath sounds and crackles

Question 17

Tx of anaphylaxis

Answer 17

Epinephrine (IV,IM or SQ in cow or IM/ SQ in sheep or goats)
Corticosteroids, NSAIDs, diuretics, IV fluids, tracheostomy

Question 18

Caseous lymphadentitis

Answer 18

Sheep and goats caused by corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection of LNs and lymphatics
Lung most common

Question 19

CS of caseous lymphadenitis

Answer 19

Severe WL, tachypnea, dyspnea and chr. cough

Question 20

Dx caseous lymphadentitis

Answer 20

CS, rads (masses in mediastinum, lung parenchyma)
Trans-tracheal wash cytology and cx

Question 21

Differentials for caseous lymphadentitis

Answer 21

Progressive viral pneumonias of sheep and goats
Lungworms, chr. pneumonia