Helminthiasis And Coccidiosis In Ruminants

Question 1

Helminthiasis

Answer 1

Subacute to chronic diarrhea in cattle
Mainly in the abomasum and SI
Young cattle 6m-2y

Question 2

Most clinical diarrhea due to ….

Answer 2

HOT complex
Hemonchus, Osteragia (most cases in dairy) and Trichostrongylus

Question 3

Which helminths are found in the abomasum and LI?

Answer 3

Abomasum: HOT Complex
LI: Oesophagostomum

Question 4

Which helminth is found in the SI?

Answer 4

Cooperia causing decreased weight gain
Trichostrongylus, nematodirus and strongyloides also

Question 5

CS of osteragiasis

Answer 5

Persistent diarrhea, WL, and poor growth in young cattle
Dependent edema, bottle jaw
Rough hair coat

Question 6

Type 1 ostertagiasis

Answer 6

Infective 3rd stage larvae ingested —> morph into 4th and penetrate abomasal glands —> hyperplasia of mucus-secreting cells —> Moroccan leather appearance and leakage of protein
(Calves)

Question 7

Type 2 ostertagiasis

Answer 7

4th stage larvae emerge from hypobiotic stage in abomasal glands @ stress —> rise of pH, protein leakage, constant diarrhea, rapid WL
(Adult cows)

Question 8

How do you dx osteragiasis ?

Answer 8

CS: diarrhea and WL in young cattle
Released egg counts
Necropsy

Question 9

Tx and prevention of ostertagiasis

Answer 9

Deworming (Fenbendazole, levamisole for adults and ivermectin for larvae)
Injectable dewormer (eprinomectin)
FAMCHA for small ruminants

Question 10

Coccidiosis

Answer 10

In calves, reared intensively (dairy)

Question 11

Types of coccidia in coccidiosis

Answer 11

Eimeria ellipsoidalis (less pathogenic), E. Auburnensis, E. alabamesis in SI
E. bovis and E. Zuernii in distal SI and LI (cecum and colon)

Question 12

CS of coccidiosis

Answer 12

Usually sub clinical
Induced by stressful event
Diarrhea with tenesmus with mucus and blood in feces
Anemia

Question 13

Pathogenesis of coccidiosis

Answer 13

Sporulated oocytes ingested, release sporozoites and invade endothelial cells —> merizoites by rupturing endothelial cells —> LI —> rupturing mucosa cells and enter environment—> mucus and blood in feces

Question 14

Dx coccidiosis

Answer 14

Direct fecal smears and fecal flotations in cattle with CS of coccidiosis

Question 15

Tx and prevention of coccidiosis

Answer 15

Self-limiting
If severely parasitized: coccidiostats (suppress early schizonts), abx, supportive care and herd tx