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!Food And Fiber Medicine (Large Animal) > Respiratory Diseases > Flashcards

Respiratory Diseases Flashcards

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1
Q

In ruminants significant pulmonary dz can be present without _____________

A

Auscultate abnormality

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2
Q

Bovine Respiratory Dz Complex

A

Lower resp. dz of cattle: bronchopneumonia, interstitial pneumonia, metastatic pneumonia

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3
Q

Bronchopneumonia

A

Invasion of pathogens through bronchi to the lungs
Signs: sepsis, effusion, abnormal lung sounds (crackles, wheezes) and consolidation

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4
Q

Bacterial agents of BRDC

A

Normal inhabitants of bovine nasopharynx:
Manheimia haemolytica , pasteurella multocida, histophilus somni, mycoplasma bovis

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5
Q

Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica

A

Gram- aerobic
A1 most common serotype (pathogenic)
Most common bacteria in feedlot cattle with pneumonia

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6
Q

Pasteurella multocida

A

Gram- aerobic
Serotype A most commonly found in BRDC

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7
Q

Histophilus somni

A

Gram- aerobic
Found on genital + resp. mucosa
Causes a variety of dz + resp (TEME)

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8
Q

Mycoplasma bovis

A

Mycoplasmas bound by a single membrane and lack a cell wall
Causes multiple dz (arthritis + tenosynovitis)

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9
Q

Viral agents of BRDC

A

Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (Herpes)- DNA
Bov Resp. Syncytial virus- RNA
Bov Parainfluenza virus- RNA
Bov viral diarrhea virus- RNA, immunosuppressive
Bov Resp. coronavirus- RNA

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10
Q

How is Bov. respiratory syncytial virus related to humans?

A

Related to human resp. syncytial virus and an important cause of resp. dz in young children and elderly

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11
Q

How is Bov. parainfluenza virus related to humans?

A

Related to human PI-3 and used as intranasal MLV in infants

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12
Q

BRDC distribution

A

Younger immunodeficient calves (enzootic calf pneumonia) or in adult stress cattle (shipping fever)

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13
Q

BRDC transmission

A

Bacteria: aerosol, dust
Viruses: aerosol, direct contact and fomites

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14
Q

What factors influence BRDC?

A

Interaction of agents (bacteria, viruses), hosts (susceptible hosts), environment (cold, wet, dusty, windy)

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15
Q

Common CS of BRDC?

A

Fever, depression, anorexia, nasal discharge, tachypnea, pleuritis, crackles, wheezes over cranioventral lung lobes

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16
Q

Other CS that histophilus somni causes with BRDC

A

Joint effusion/ infertility or abortion/ otitis/ conjunctivitis/ neuro signs

17
Q

Other CS that mycoplasma bovis causes of BRDC

A

Joint effusion/ colitis or conjunctivitis

18
Q

Pathology of BRDC (viruses)

A

Infects epithelial cells and ciliated epithelium in upper resp. and bronchi →destruction of cells →↓ mucocillary clearance and ↑ susceptibility to secondary infection
Immunosuppression →↓ neutro chemotaxis and ↓ lympho blastogenesis and expression of MHC

19
Q

Pathogenesis of mannheimia (BRDC)

A

Exotoxin (leukotoxin → cytolysis of neutros)
Endotoxin → inflamm by initiating complement cascade activiating neutros and macros to produce cytokines
Leukopenia

20
Q

Pathogenesis of other bacteria (BRDC)

A

Pasteurella: endotoxin
Histophilus: lipooligosaccharide → endotoxemia
Mycoplasma: CM expressed surface proteins (Vsps)

21
Q

Pathogenesis of infectious bov rhinotracheitis

A

Latent infection in neural tissue

22
Q

Lesions of BRDC

A

Cranioventral lung consolidation
Fibrinopurulent exudate in resp. passages

23
Q

Dx for BRDC (bacteria)

A

CS
Bacteria: cx from trans-tracheal aspirate or resp. tissues @ necropsy

24
Q

Dx for BRDC (virus)

A

CS
Nasal swabs or resp. tissues @ necropsy for virus isolation or immunofluorescent assays or PCR

25
Q

Tx for BRDC

A

Abx (amoxicillin, ceftiofur, enrofloxacin, etc- rotate between abx)
Anti-inflamms: flunixin meglumine

26
Q

Prevention and control for BRDC

A

Reduced exposure to dust, wind, cold and reduced crowding
Vaccines: inactivated/ killed**, attenuated/ modified live

27
Q

Tuberculosis

A

Consumption, scrofula, TB
Debilitating dz, formation of nodular granulomas (tubercles)
Zoonotic and reportable

28
Q

Casual agent of tuberculosis

A

M. Bovis (domestic animals)
M. Tuberculosis, M. Avium
Acid-fast bacilli

29
Q

Mode of transmission for tuberculosis

A

Resp route via aerosol droplets
Ingestion (horses)
In feces, urine, semen and milk

30
Q

Which animals are more susceptible to tuberculosis

A

Cattle and goats
Sheep resistant
Horses

31
Q

Factors influencing tuberculosis

A

Housing, crowded conditions
Main reservoirs: cattle and man

32
Q

Pathogenesis of tuberculosis

A

TB bacilli stimulate formation of granulomas in lungs
Form primary complexes: focal necrotic area surrounded by granuloma containing mononuclear cells and disseminate to other organs

33
Q

Lesions associated with tuberculosis

A

Thick encapsulated granulomas with pus
Granulomas in LNs, lungs and liver

34
Q

Dx of tuberculosis

A

Screening test: Intradermal tuberculin test in cd. tail fold
Confirmatory test: comparative cervical test in side of neck

35
Q

Tx for tuberculosis

A

Cull infected animals due to risk of transmission to animals
Rifampin and isoniazid in horses

!Food And Fiber Medicine (Large Animal) (10 decks)

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